室内培育不同产地卤虫的成虫肠道菌群结构分析

Structure of intestinal tract bacterial communities of adult Artemia parthenogenetica from different producing areas under indoor culture

【目的】探究室内培育卤虫的成虫肠道菌群组成及结构特征,为开展人工健康养殖卤虫提供参考依据。【方法】选取俄罗斯鄂木斯克地区及我国巴里坤和渤海湾产地的卤虫卵进行孵化,人工养殖至成虫期后采用16S rDNA高通量测序技术分析不同产地卤虫肠道内的菌群组成及结构特征。【结果】Illumina MiSeq测序共得到481096条有效序列,平均每个样品有53455条有效序列。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为不同产地卤虫肠道内的优势菌群,其在肠道菌群内的相对丰度均在97.0%以上。不同产地卤虫肠道菌群的共有OTU为291个,共有OTU对应序列数占不同产地卤虫总序列数的95.04%。其中,假单胞杆菌属(Pseudomonas)有29个OTUs,其对应序列数占总序列数的31.25%;盐单胞杆菌属(Halomonas)有15个OTUs,其对应序列数占总序列数的16.44%;交替赤杆菌属(Altererythrobacter)有9个OTUs,其对应序列数占总序列数的12.00%。不同产地的卤虫肠道菌群也存在一定差异,交替赤杆菌属和列文虎克菌属(Leeuwenhoekiella)在俄罗斯鄂木斯克卤虫肠道内的相对丰度显著高于我国巴里坤和渤海湾产地的卤虫(P<0.05,下同),微小杆菌属(Exiguobacterium)在我国巴里坤卤虫肠道内的相对丰度显著高于俄罗斯鄂木斯克地区和我国渤海湾产地的卤虫,而Idiomarina属仅在我国渤海湾卤虫肠道菌群中出现。【结论】卤虫肠道菌群构成与其生存的水体环境和摄食的饵料相关,因此可通过调整养殖水体环境和投喂饵料的一致性以提高肠道共有菌群的比例。卤虫肠道中参与食物消化吸收的有益菌群可作为今后研究卤虫生长机制的靶菌群。

The composition and the structure characteristics of intestinal tract bacterial communities in adult Artemia parthenogenetica under indoor culture were explored,which provided reference for the healthy breeding of A.parthenogenetica.【Method】In this study,the A.parthenogenetica cysts from the Omsk of Russia and the Barkol and Bohai Bay of China were used as experimental subjects.Firstly,the cysts of these three different producing areas were hatched and cultured to the adult stage.The bacterial communities harbored in the intestines of A.parthenogenetica of the different producing areas and their structure features were analyzed by using 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing technique.【Result】An average of 53455 effective sequences were red from each sample,resulting in a total of 481096 validated sequences obtained in Illumina MiSeq sequencing.Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria in the intestinal tract bacterial communities of A.parthenogenetica of different producing areas,and their relative abundance in the intestine bacterial community were above 97.0%.There were 291 common OTUs in the intestinal tract bacterial communities of A.parthenogenetica of different producing areas,the number of corresponding OTU sequences accounted for 95.04%of the total number of sequences.Pseudomonas had 29 OTUs,and its corresponding sequence number accounted for 31.25%of the total.Halomonas had 15 OTUs,and its corresponding sequence number accounted for 16.44%of the total.Altererythrobacter had nine OTUs,and its corresponding sequence number accounted for 12.00%of the total.A.parthenogenetica intestinal tract microbial communities from different producing areas also existed difference.The relative abundance of Altererythrobacter and Leeuwenhoekiella in the intestine bacterial community of A.parthenogenetica from Omsk of Russia was significantly higher than that from Barkol and Bohai Bay regions of China(P<0.05,the same below).The relative abundance of Exiguobacterium in the intestine bacterial community of A.parthenogenetica from Barkol of China was significantly higher than that from Omsk of Russia and Bohai Bay of China.Idiomarina appeared only in the intestinal tract bacterial community of A.parthenogenetica from Bohai Bay of China.【Conclusion】The composition of intestinal tract bacterial communities of A.parthenogenetica relates strongly with the water environment and feed.Therefore,the proportion of common intestinal tract bacterial community can be increased by adjusting the consistency of the aquaculture water environment and the feeding.The beneficial bacteria,which involve in food digestion and absorption in the intestinal tract of A.parthenogenetica,can be used as a target bacterial community for studying the growth mechanism of A.parthenogenetica in the future.