暴雨条件下典型红壤区不同恢复方式侵蚀过程与特征分析

Processes and Characteristics of Erosion of Different Vegetation Restoration Under Simulated Rainstorm Condition in a Typical Red Soil in China

采用空间替代时间的方法,探究暴雨条件下典型红壤区不同恢复方式侵蚀过程与特征。选取不同恢复年限的低效林改造(R1)、乔灌草结构(R2)、自然恢复(R3)和对照(DZ)样地,设计1.5mm/min雨强,进行野外模拟降雨试验,分析坡面初始产流时间、径流率、侵蚀率、累积产沙量、入渗率等特征。结果表明:(1)3种恢复方式初始产流时间表现为R2>R1>R3,且R1、R2样地初始产流时间随治理年限的增加而延长;(2)3种恢复方式径流率、侵蚀率、累积产沙量均表现出R3>R1>R2,且R1、R2样地径流率、侵蚀率、累积产沙量随治理年限增加呈下降趋势;(3)同一恢复年限,3种恢复方式初始入渗率、累积入渗量、减流减沙效益均表现出R2>R1>R3;(4)3种恢复方式,恢复年限对侵蚀过程的影响表现为R1>R2>R3;累积产沙量与累积产流量成幂函数关系。研究结果为揭示典型红壤区不同治理方式的侵蚀过程研究提供参考,为典型红壤区水土流失治理提供科学依据。

By the methods of space instead of time,the erosion process and characteristics of different vegetation method under simulated rainstorm condition in typical red soil region were explored.In the experiment,1.5 mm/min rainfall intensity was designed.The reconstruction of inefficient forests(R1),the shrub-grass structure(R2),the natural restoration(R3),with different recovery years were selected,and the contrcl plots(DZ)was selected field simulated rainfall experiments were carried out to analyze the characteristics of initial runoff time,runoff rate,erosion rate,cumulative yield discharge and infiltration rate.The results showed that:(1)The order of the initial runoff production time of the three recovery models was R2>R1>R3,which was prolonged with the increase of the governance years;(2)The runoff rate,erosion rate and cumulative sediment yield of the three restoration models all showed R3>R1>R2,and the runoff rate,erosion rate and cumulative sediment yield of R1 and R2 showed decreasing trends with the increase of treatment years;(3)Within the same recovery period,the initial infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration rate,and runoff and sediment reduction benefits of the three restoration plots all showed R2>R1>R3;(4)The effects of the three restoration methods and the recovery years on the erosion process were shown as R1>R2>R3.The relationship between cumulative sediment yield and cumulative runoff was a power function.The results provide references for revealing erosion processes under different governance methods and scientific basis for soil erosion control in typical red soil regions.