伯格森的“绵延”与程明道的“仁”

Bergson's "Duration" and Cheng Mingdao's "Ren Wherein All are in One"

探求现象背后的本体,是人类共通的思想进程,人们的理智总是在探寻某种固定性。知性以一系列并列放置的空间化状态取代生命时间化的流动与绵延,并有意识地过滤掉其中真实的生命血肉。宋明理学家运用理气、性情、形上形下的概念分解,忽略生命内时间的绵延流动,同样值得反思。伯格森强调,绵延即实体,乃持续不断地绵延、流逝与变化本身,但是,知性却要将其分解成非持续性的,静止的状态只是简单择取的瞬间。北宋五子中,程明道喜圆顿,常能体悟到流贯、绵延于道体中的生命之流,依明道体悟,仁体生意弥满,浑然一贯,随处可见,此之为"万物一体之仁"思想。明道体悟高妙绝伦,体用无决然区分,体不空悬,必带气化以显,又决非仅落入形质之气而遗失上通其极的超验之神,唯置身于绵延的生命之流中,体会天地造化与生命全体。

Exploring the ontology behind the ever-changing phenomena is the ideological process common to human beings.The"reason"of human beings is always searching for certain stability.Intelligence replaces the duration(la durée)of the real life with a series of juxtaposition of concepts or states,and consciously filters out the flesh and blood of life.The Neo-Confucianism philosophers tended to apply the abstract and decomposed concepts such as Li,Qi,Xin,and Xing to interpret the world.They usually ignored the duration,flowing and changing of the real life,which is also worth being reconsidered.Bergson emphasizes that duration is the entity,however,intelligence tends to break it down into non-persistent phases,and static state is simply the chosen moments."Entering into the thing",for Bergson,gives us"absoluteness".On the other hand,Cheng Mingdao can understand the duration and flowing extension in the Tao′s entity,which is indistinguishable from the phenomena.Cheng Mingdao′s"Ren wherein all are in one"thinking has an inner profound relationship with Bergson,whose thought is an attempt to overcome Kant in the western philosophy.