不同粗蛋白质和消化能比日粮对仔猪生长性能、组织器官重量及屠体成分的影响

Dietary crude protein and digestible energy levels on growth performance,organ relative weight and carcass composition of piglets

文章旨在研究日粮不同粗蛋白质和消化能比对仔猪生长性能、组织器官重量及胴体品质的影响。试验选择健康、平均体重为(9.25±1.31)kg的三元仔猪640头,随机分为8组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验采用4(蛋白质水平20.15%、17.50%、15.00%和12.50%)×2(95%和75%自由采食水平)设计试验,试验共开展42 d。结果显示:随着日粮蛋白水平的升高,仔猪日增重和增重耗料比表现为显著的升高(P<0.05)。20.15%、17.5%蛋白水平组较其他两组显著提高了日增重(P<0.05)。95%较75%采食量水平组显著提高了仔猪代谢能摄入量、日增重和增重耗料比(P<0.05)。20.15%和17.5%蛋白组较其他两组显著提高了屠体蛋白和水分含量(P<0.05),而屠体脂肪和能量含量显著低于其他两组(P<0.05);17.5%较15%和12.5%蛋白水平组显著提高了屠体灰分含量(P<0.05)。20.15%和17.50%较12.50%蛋白水平组显著提高了肾脏及肩部肉的相对重量(P<0.05)。95%较75%采食水平组显著提高了消化道、心脏、肝脏、肾脏、肌间脂肪和皮下脂肪的相对重量(P<0.05),但75%采食水平组胴体相对重量最高(P<0.05)。12.5%蛋白水平组较其他3组显著提高了皮下脂肪的相对重量(P<0.05)。结论 :在本试验设计条件下综合考虑仔猪的生长性能、屠体成分和组织器官重量,日粮适宜的蛋白水平为21.5%,蛋白质和消化能比为13.43 g/MJ。

This study was to study the different crude protein(CP)and digestible energy(DE)on growth performance,organ relative weight and carcass composition of piglets.A total of 640 health and average body weigh(9.25±1.31)kg were allotted to 8 groups with 4 replicates of 20 pigs.The experiment was designed by 4 CP levels(20.15%,17.50%,15.00%and 12.50%)and 2 feed intake levels(FI 95%and 75%ad libitum),the trial last 42 d.Results showed that the daily weight gain,weight gain and feed intake ratio increased with the dietary levels of CP(P<0.05).The 20.15%and 17.5%CP groups had higher weight gain than the other groups(P<0.05),while the 95%and 75%FI groups increased the DE intake,weight gain and weight gain and feed intake ratio(P<0.05).Compared with the other groups,the 20.15%and 17.5%CP groups had higher protein and water contents in carcass(P<0.05),while the fat and energy contents in which were lower(P<0.05).The 20.15%and 17.5%CP groups had higher relative weight of kidney and meat than the 12.5%CP group(P<0.05),while the relative weight of the carcass and subcutaneous fatc were the highest among the groups.In conclusion,based on the growth performance,carcass composition and organ weight,we suggest that the optimal dietary crude protein level was 21.5%,and the crude protein and digestible energy ratio was 13.43 g/MJ.