技术异质性视角下的我国绿色创新效率及关键因素作用机制研究:基于Hybrid DEA和结构化方程模型

A study on china's green innovation efficiency evaluation and functional mechanism based on hybrid DEA and SEM model

在考虑技术异质性的基础上,本文利用考虑非期望产出的Meta-frontier效率函数测算了我国各地区的绿色创新效率,并在此基础上运用结构化方程建立绿色创新结构模型,进行绿色创新影响机制研究。研究发现:(1)由于不同地区生产技术存在较大差异,导致绿色创新效率呈现"东部—西部—中部"依次递减的格局;(2)不论是东部还是中西部地区,良好的产业结构、自由的技术交易市场等基础环境对绿色创新的促进作用大于其它要素;(3)我国环境规制政策迫切需要由强制型向激励型的转变,从而提高企业实施清洁生产的积极性,提高我国绿色创新效率。在制定环境保护政策时要考虑不同地区之间存在的技术差距以及现有产业结构,采取差异化的效率提升策略,并进行实时监控。

In recent years,the increasingly serious challenges of climate change and environmental pollution problems have changed conventional economic growth pattern of the world.The new pattern is to effectively keep up with the premise of the original level of economic development while improving the environment,and making full use of the resources have become a hot topic of the whole society.The low-carbon economy provides a new way to solve this problem,which is expected to become the new engine of the world’s economic development.To imply green innovation and develop green economy,the core is to improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce damage to the environment of economic growth.The key point lies in the improvement of low carbon green innovation ability and the increase of green innovation efficiency.By fully taking into consideration the gap in green innovation technology,this paper uses the undesirable output Meta-frontier function to estimate China's green innovation efficiency,and employs the structural equation model to study the mechanism of the key factors.The study shows that:(1)Due to significant differences in green innovation production technology among the three different regions,the green innovation efficiency presents a descending order of the pattern of East-West-Central;(2)Whether the East or Midwest China,fine industrial structure,free technology trading market and other infrastructure environment have a greater promoting function than other elements;(3)China's environmental regulation policy urgently need to change from mandatory to incentive-based policy in order to improve the enthusiasm of enterprises to implement cleaner production and improve green innovation efficiency of China.The above research has important theoretical and practical significance for the improvement of China's innovation ability under the background of building an innovation-oriented country.On the one hand,one should not only focus on the improvement of economic and social development level,but also pay attention to harmonious coexistence between human and nature,and imply low-carbon green innovation.On the other hand,by considering numerous differences among various regions in terms of technological innovation capability,one may argue that differentiated development policy should be made and carried out by the government according to the features of different districts,and the mechanism and the path of the related factors for green innovation.The government should encourage Midwestern regions to adjust industrial structure,increase the investment of cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial talents,and promote the incubation of high-tech industry.These measures can help transform compulsory environmental regulation policy into incentive oriented environmental regulation policy,and improve the enthusiasm of enterprises to implement cleaner production.The government should also intensify the cooperation of industry and research in the East and West regions in order to realize the coordinated development of Regional Green Innovation.The government should use the following tips when making policies.Firstly,to improve the overall green innovation efficiency of China,the steady improvement of green innovation efficiency in eastern regions should be first guaranteed,followed by driving the increase of green innovation efficiency through radiation effects.Secondly,the government should promote the efficient flow of capital,technology,and talent in China,and strengthen the communication and cooperation between regions.The government should formulate relevant supporting policies tilted to Midwestern regions,break barriers to the improving energy efficiency.Thus,a more balanced and robust innovation efficiency improvement can be achieved.Thirdly,the government should strengthen international cooperation in technology,and introduce some advanced foreign technology,equipment and management experiences.