河南省甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育杂种优势研究应用及展望

Heterosis research and application of cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus L. in Henan Province

概述了河南省甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育杂交种产量及有关性状、抗逆性和品质性状等杂种优势及其遗传特性、生理生化基础研究。河南省采用细胞质雄性不育系统育成了40多个强优势双低油菜杂交种,其产量、品质和抗逆性等方面均有显著提高,已在生产上广泛应用,2003-2016年在省内平均单产为2 288. 6kg/hm2,比1978-2000年的平均单产提高50%,比全国同期平均单产高23. 58%。今后河南省在甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育杂种优势研究与利用方面,重点是选育和推广高含油量、抗倒伏、抗裂角适应机械化生产的强优势杂交油菜品种,同时加强抗根肿病的防控和抗病品种选育,充分挖掘油菜在菜用、肥用、饲用、蜜用和观赏等多功能利用潜力。

In this paper,rapeseed researchers in Henan Province analyzed the heterosis of seed yield,yield-related,stress resistance and quality related traits,and genetic and physiological and biochemical basis of CMS in Brassica napus L.A number of strong heterosis rapeseed hybrids have been bred by adopting cytoplasmic male sterile systems.The yield,quality and stress-resistance of the hybrids have been improved remarkably,and have been widely cultivated.The average yield in Henan Province was 2 288.6kg/hm 2 in 2003-2016,was increased by 50%than in 1978-2000,and was 23.58%higher than in the corresponding period of China.In the future,the heterosis utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility in Brassica napus L.in Henan Province will focus on breeding strong heterosis rapeseed hybrids varieties with high oil content,lodging-resistant,pod-shattering resistance and adaptive mechanization.It is an urgent to strengthen prevention and control clubroot diseases and breed clubroot diseases resistant varieties.In addition,we must fully develop rapeseed multifunctional utilization ways in vegetable,fertilizer,fodder,producing honey,landscape and so on.