辽宁省不同水文年型玉米水足迹变化规律研究

Changes of Maize Water Footprint under Different Hydrological Years in Liaoning Province

作物生产水足迹可反映农业生产过程中的水资源利用效率以及真实用水量,为理清辽宁省玉米水足迹的动态变化规律,实现农业水资源的高效利用,运用水足迹理论和方法,基于CROPWAT软件对辽宁省14个地级市1992～2015年的玉米水足迹进行计算,分析了各地区玉米水足迹在丰水年、平水年、干旱年条件下的差异和年际变化规律,对玉米主产区的生产水足迹进行了回归分析和M-K趋势检验。结果表明:辽宁省多年平均玉米水足迹总量为1.109m3·kg^(-1),绿水、蓝水和灰水足迹比例分别为47.4%、19.4%和33.2%;丰水年营口最大(1.10m3·kg^(-1))、铁岭最小(0.68m3·kg^(-1)),平水年丹东最大(2.03m^3·kg^(-1))、铁岭最小(0.69m3·kg^(-1)),干旱年型下大连最大(1.74m3·kg^(-1)),抚顺最小(0.75m3·kg^(-1));辽宁省玉米主产区的绿水、蓝水(除锦州外)和灰水足迹大部分呈下降趋势,其中,沈阳、朝阳绿水足迹呈显著下降趋势,分别为0.12m3·kg^(-1)·10a^(-1)和0.13m^3·kg^(-1)·10a^(-1)。因此,在各水文年型下,辽宁省玉米生产水足迹均以绿水为主,其在辽宁省粮食生产中具有重要地位;灰水占第二,对水资源的影响不容小觑,在农业生产中需加强面源污染控制;各地区玉米水足迹差异显著,需针对不同地区制定不同的灌溉制度和灌溉策略,以保证水资源的合理利用。本研究可为辽宁省的玉米生产空间布局和农业水资源科学管理提供参考。

Crop production water footprint can reflect the water utilization efficiency in the process of agricultural production and the actual water consumption.In order to clarify corn dynamic change rule of water footprint in Liaoning Province and realize the efficient utilization of agricultural water resources,the water footprint of maize in 14 cities of Liaoning Province for 1992-2015 years was calculated based on CROPWAT,the maize water footprint of various regions in different hydrological years(wet year,normal year and dry year)was analyzed in this paper according to the theory and method of water footprint.Regression analysis and M-K trend test were carried out for water footprint of main maize production areas.The results showed that the annual average total water footprint of maize was 1.109m3·kg-1,the ratios of green water,blue water and grey water footprint ratio were 49.7%,17.6%,32.7%,respectively.There were significant difference of maize footprint in different areas based on hydrological years.Yingkou(1.1m3·kg-1)was the largest and Tieling(0.68m3·kg-1)was the smallest under the wet year.Dandong(2.03m3·kg-1)was the largest and Tieling(0.69m3·kg-1)was the smallest under normal year.Dalian(1.74m3·kg-1)was the largest and Fushun(0.75m3·kg-1)was the smallest under drought year.Mostly,the green water,blue water(except Jinzhou)and grey water footprints in Liaoning's main maize production areas showed downward trends.The green water footprint of Shenyang and Chaoyang declined significantly,the rate of them were 0.12m3·kg-1·10a-1,0.13m3·kg-1·10a-1,respectively.Therefore,under various hydrological years,the water footprint of corn production in Liaoning Province was mainly green water,which plays an important role in grain production in Liaoning.Grey water was the second most important whose influence on water resources should not be underestimated.There were significant differences in the water footprint of maize in different regions.Different irrigation systems and irrigation strategies should be adopted for different regions to ensure the rational utilization of water resources.This results can provide references for corn production space layout and agricultural water resources scientific management in Liaoning Province.