角接触球轴承低温摩擦特性与实验研究

Experimental Study and Low Temperature Friction Characteristic of Angular Contact Ball Bearing

为了分析角接触球轴承低温摩擦特性。首先,用有限元软件分析了轴承低温结构变化,仿真分析了轴承低温结构变形、游隙变化和接触角变化。温度降低会使轴承游隙变大,接触角变大,分析了温度对润滑脂黏度的变化。然后,引用现有轴承摩擦力矩计算模型,计算了轴承的摩擦力矩随转速、预紧力、内圈曲率半径系数和温度的变化;分析了低温下轴承各种摩擦力矩的变化趋势。在低温下轴承的流体动压摩擦力矩占轴承总摩擦力矩的80%,润滑脂的黏度系数对轴承的低温摩擦特性影响最大,低温条件下轴承由于弹性滞后引起的摩擦力矩减小。最后,用实验的方法测试了轴承低温摩擦力矩,与仿真结果进行对比,误差在12%以内,证明了计算的准确性,为低温下轴承的使用提供了理论基础。

In order to analyze the low temperature friction characteristics of angular contact ball bearings.Firstly,the change of low temperature structure of bearing is analyzed by finite element software,the changes of the low temperature structure,the change of the clearance and the change of the contact angle of the bearing are simulated and analyzed.The decrease of temperature will make the clearance of bearing larger and the contact angle larger.The change of temperature on the viscosity of grease is analyzed.Then the friction torque calculation model of the existing bearing is cited,and the friction torque of the bearing is calculated with the change of speed,preload,the radius of curvature and the temperature of the inner ring.Analysis of the trend of bearing friction torque under low temperature,dynamic pressure bearing friction torque for the friction torque of the 80%fluid bearing at low temperature,low temperature and friction properties of lubricating grease viscosity coefficient of bearing the greatest impact,under the condition of low temperature bearing due to friction torque caused by the decrease of elastic hysteresis.Finally,the friction torque of bearing is tested by experimental method,and the result is compared with the simulation result.The error is less than 12%,which proves the accuracy of the calculation and provides a theoretical basis for the use of bearings at low temperature.