汉语“处置义”把字句从题元角色到语法功能的映射

The Mapping of Thematic Roles onto Grammatical Functions in Mandarin Ba Construction Indicating Disposal: From the Perspective of Lexical Mapping Theory

词汇映射理论将语义层面的题元结构通过一定的路径映射到词汇层面的论元结构,继而映射到句法层面的语法功能结构,从而生成表层结构的各种语法功能。汉语"处置义"把字句的题元结构较为复杂,其表层语法功能结构相对于其他语言也十分独特,词汇映射理论的一系列原则无法完全准确地预测题元结构到语法功能结构的映射,其原因在于"把"字的特殊功能——它在词库中与谓词结合时引发了两种可能的词汇操作:要么为谓词的题元结构增添一个题元角色,要么更改谓词论元结构中的一个论元。经过这些词汇操作之后,"处置义"把字句的题元结构就能按照词汇映射理论的既有原则准确地映射到语法功能结构之上。

Under Lexical Mapping Theory(LMT),thematic structures in the semantic level,following certain stipulated paths,are mapped onto argument structures in the lexical level and further onto grammatical functional structures in the syntactic level,hence generating the grammatical functions in the surface structure.However,the principles of LMT can not guarantee a completely right prediction of the mapping with the mandarin ba construction indicating disposal,a construction that is fairly complex in terms of its thematic structures and unique in terms of its surface grammatical functional structures.The reason consists in the special functions of the word“ba”,which triggers two possible morpholexical operations in the lexicon when it is combined with the predicate:adding a theta role for the predicate’s thematic structure or changing an argument for its argument structure.Only after undergoing such morpholexical operations can the LMT principles work correctly to map the thematic structure onto the grammatical functional structure of this kind of ba construction.