私营企业家的时间配置与企业研发创新

Entrepreneur's Time Allocation and R&D Programs of Chinese Private Enterprises

本文采用2002—2010年的私营企业调查数据,实证检验了私营企业家的各项时间分配情况对企业研发创新活动的影响。在已有文献的基础上,本文主要的创新之处在于不仅研究了社交活动经费、企业家的政治身份对企业研发创新活动的影响,还加入了企业家的个人时间精力配置作为一项重要度量。同时,本文采用研发创新活动双向指标,即研发创新投入和专利、新产品的产出分别衡量。经一系列实证研究发现,在经济转型时期,企业家与同行、金融机构、亲友及政府间进行的非生产性社交活动时间,即企业家"外出联系生意、开会及公关、招待"的时间对于企业的研发创新活动起到了显著的促进作用,同时,企业家花费的公关招待费、摊派费等也显著促进了企业的研发创新活动。

For a private enterprise,since the entrepreneur s time and business funds are limited and valuable resources,how to weigh the opportunity cost and make rational use of scarce resources to ensure healthy development of the enterprise is important for business survival and innovation.Based on the survey data about Chinese private enterprises during the years from 2002 to 2010,this paper analyses how the entrepreneurs time allocation affects the innovation of their firms.The most important contribution of this paper is that we take into account the time allocation of entrepreneurs in addition to the investments in social activities and the entrepreneurs political status to explore their effects on R&D programs.What s more,we adopt the two-sided R&D program measurements,i.e.investments in innovation together with patents and new products.The empirical studies indicate that entrepreneur s time for networking,i.e.the unproductive social activities with colleagues,financial institutions,relatives and friends and government departments is significantly conducive to the R&D programs of Chinese private enterprises during the period of economic transformation.And the expenditures on social activities also significantly promote the R&D programs.