基于物理模型试验的库区岩质滑坡涌浪爬高研究

Impulse wave run-up generated by reservoir rocky landslides based on physical model experiments

库区滑坡涌浪会对附近岸坡造成不利影响,可能引发次生灾害。以岩质滑坡涌浪对岸坡的影响演变过程为研究对象,建立了相似比1∶70的三峡库区典型河道滑坡涌浪的三维地质力学模型,研究了滑坡体宽度、厚度、滑面倾角等27组不同组合工况下的滑坡涌浪爬高规律,提出了适用于岩质滑坡涌浪爬高估算公式。结果表明,涌浪爬高随着滑坡体宽度、厚度、滑面倾角增大而呈现不同幅度的增加,滑坡体宽度对涌浪爬高的影响最为显著,其次为滑坡体厚度和滑面倾角;现有波浪爬高估算公式结果与岩质滑坡模型试验值存在较大差异,在试验基础上,提出了有关相对水深、波坦和岸坡角度的波浪爬高的估算公式,为库区岩质滑坡涌浪爬高估算提供理论基础。

Impulse wave generated by landslide in the reservoir area will adversely affect nearby bank slopes and may cause secondary disasters.This study took the evolution process of the impact of impulse wave generated by rocky landslide on bank slopes as the study object,and established a 3D geomechanical model of impulse wave generated by rocky landslide in the Three Gorges reservoir area with a similarity ratio of 1∶70.We studied the law of run-up of impulse wave generated by rocky landslide through 27 sets of model tests with different combinations of width,thickness,and slip angle of the landslide,and proposed a formula for estimating the run-up of impulse wave generated by rocky landslide.The results showed that the run-up of impulse wave would increase with the increase in width,thickness,and slip angle of the landslide.The width of the landslide had the most significant effect on the impulse wave run-up,followed by the thickness of the landslide and the slip angle of the landslide.The result of the existing wave run-up estimation formula differed greatly from that of the rocky landslide model test value.Based on the experiment,we proposed a formula for estimating the wave run-up using the relative depth,Potain,and bank slope angle,which can provide a theoretical basis for estimating run-up of impulse wave generated by rocky landslide in the reservoir area.