甲骨卜辞上午时称的个性分布研究

Particularity of the Shortest Time Duration in the Morning on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty

早在殷商时期,人们就已经建立了周全的计时系统。各个层级的计时概念通过语言中的时间表达式来进行映现。其中,"时称"是最低的时间层级和最小的时间单位,在商代卜辞中使用很频繁。对它们的研究不仅有助人们对当时思维、哲学、文化观念的理解,而且有助于对卜辞本身的精细考察。在一百多年的甲骨卜辞研究历程中,不少学者对它们进行了卓有成效的研究,但这些研究基本上还停留在字形和文献意义考释上,对于其自身个性系统特征以及对该系统隐含的造词规律和文化思维特征的揭示都还远远不够。从文本组类语团分布、历时断代分布、南北两系系属分布三个方面探讨"时称"的个性分布特征,可以在此基础上厘清殷商时期人们在时间语用上的特点和规律。

People had set up an accurate timing system in as early as the Shang Dynasty.The time concepts at all levels are reflected through the time expressions in language.The shortest time duration is at the lowest level and records the smallest time unit,which was used frequently on the oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty.The research on the shortest time duration can help people understand the mind,philosophy and culture,and can benefit the accurate research of the oracle bone inscriptions.It is far from enough to disclose the particularity,word-making rules and culture of the shortest time duration on the oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty because the current researches on this issue still stay on interpreting the character shapes and analyzing the document s meanings,although scholars have made much successful study on the oracle bone inscriptions during the past 100 years.This paper clarifies the pragmatic rules of the shortest time duration in the Shang Dynasty based on the distribution of language groups,the diachronic distribution and south-north family distribution of the shortest time duration on the oracle bone inscriptions in the Shang Dynasty.