抗战时期侵华日军“轰炸记忆”的演变与建构——以“重庆大轰炸”为中心的考察

The Transition and Construction of the “Memory of Bombing” of the Invading Japanese Troops during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Invasion

无差别轰炸是人类历史上最惨痛的战争暴行之一。抗日战争时期,侵华日军对中国除吉林、新疆、西藏等地之外的几乎所有行政区域实施了无差别轰炸。重庆大轰炸,是第二次世界大战时期日本在中国制造的非人道暴行之一,开创了人类战争史上无差别轰炸的新纪录。在战时,日军对重庆的轰炸曾是一个国际社会广泛关注的焦点事件。而在战后,由于东京审判的误导和国际国内形势的变化,重庆大轰炸记忆曾几乎湮灭不闻。直到20世纪80年代以后,随着中国的崛起和中日关系的紧张,重庆大轰炸的"战争记忆"才得以重新唤醒并重构。差异化的历史记录和历史记忆背后是不同的历史认识。历史的错误或可原谅,但历史的真相不应被遗忘,更不能被掩盖,只有当重庆大轰炸这样的非人道暴行记忆上升为人类的共同记忆,战争悲剧才不会重演。

The indiscriminate bombing is one of the most miserable wartime atrocities in human history.The Japanese air force bombed almost all of the administrative regions in China indiscriminately except the Kirin,Sinkiang and Tibet during the Anti-Japanese War.The bombing of Chongqing is one of the inhuman atrocities committed by Japanese forces in China during the World War II.It made a new record for indiscriminate bombing in the history of human warfare.The bombing of Chongqing by the Japanese air force used to be a matter of great concern to the international community in the wartime.However,the memory of it almost vanished in the post-war years because of the misleading by the Tokyo Trial and the transition of the international and domestic situation.Until the 1980s,the war memory of the bombing of Chongqing was recollected and reconstructed with the rise of China and tensions of the Sino-Japanese relations.Behind the variations of the historic records and memory was the different historical cognition.The fault of history may be forgiven,but the truth of history should not be forgotten or hidden.Only when the memory of these inhuman atrocities such as the bombing of Chongqing becomes the common memory of human,the tragedy of war will not recur.