金属矿深井硬岩岩爆倾向井巷支护研究

Hardrock sinking and driving support for rockburst potential in deep metal mine

随着矿井开采越来越深,岩爆已成为引发矿山工程灾害的主要原因之一,也是岩石力学工程界共认的重大工程灾害之一。金属矿深井硬岩井巷工程环境具有地应力高、围岩坚硬、岩体储能高、开挖应力易集中、受扰动影响大等诸多特点,具备诱发岩爆的多个条件,具有较高的岩爆倾向性。本文分析了岩爆发生机制及影响因素,客观研究分析了南非、美国、中国三座深井矿山岩爆支护控制案例,归纳提出了应对岩爆倾向井巷应遵从超前分析、减弱能量、避让时空、加固围岩、吸能单元、多次支护的综合防治原则,研究内容能够为相关研究提供理论与实践借鉴。

With the deepening of mine exploitation,rockburst has become the main cause of mining disasters.It has also become a major engineering disaster recognized by the Rock Mechanics Engineering.Sinking and driving engineering environment has many characteristics such as high ground stress level,hard surrounding rock,high energy storage capacity,large excavation disturbance and easy stress concentration in deep metal mine.It has high rockburst potential with many conditions for inducing rockburst.In this paper,the mechanism and influencing factors of rockburst are analyzed in detail.Based on objective researching and analyzing four cases in South Africa,the United States and China,obtained beneficial conclusions on rockburst support control.Comprehensive prevention principles for rockburst are conclude that complying with advanced analysis,weaken unloading energy,avoiding occurrence time and space,strengthening surrounding rock,with absorbing support elements and multiple supports.The research content can provide reference for domestic related research and provide theoretical and practical reference.