不同培养条件下沉水植物对重金属的生物吸附研究

Research on the Biosorption of Heavy Metals by Ceratophyllum Demersums Under Different Culture Conditions

以土作为底泥培养方式,研究植株生长状况及体内重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg)的吸附量。结果表明:在重金属Cu2+浓度为1. 0 mg/L的水环境下,各培养组植株对Cu的吸附量范围为421. 37～3 346. 41μg/L,各植株生长情况与吸附差异均比较显著,水绵以及单独培养的金鱼藻和轮叶黑藻均出现大量死亡现象,吸附量以水绵吸附最多。与单独培养相比,混合培养下的金鱼藻和轮叶黑藻死亡数较少,对Cu的耐受性和抗性增强;在以受重金属污染土作为底泥的培养方式下,各植株对Cu、Zn、Pb和Hg的吸附量范围分别为10. 61～40. 34μg/L、136. 19～213. 71μg/L、15. 39～149. 83μg/L、49. 00～159. 17μg/L,各培养组植株均能正常生长,但混合培养组长势更好。各植株对不同金属吸附差异显著,水绵对4种重金属吸附量最大,各培养组的金鱼藻与轮叶黑藻对4种重金属的吸附差异不显著,3种植物均以对Zn的吸附效果最好,总体来说,混合培养组优于单独培养组。

The growth status of plants and the adsorption amount of heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Pb and Hg)in vivo were studied by soil as substrate culture.The results show that,under the water environment with heavy metal Cu 2+concentration of 1.0mg/L,the adsorption amount range of Cu for plants in each culture group is 421.37~3 346.41μg/L,the growth and adsorption differences of each plant are significant and there is a large number of deaths in the spirogyra,as well as in the separate culture of the goldfish and the charophyta,largest in spirogyra.Compared with single culture,the death toll of goldfish and rotae black algae under mixed culture is less,and the tolerance and resistance to Cu are enhanced.Under the cultivation method of heavy metal contaminated soil as bottom sediment,the adsorption amount range of each plant for Cu,Zn,Pb and Hg is respectively 10.61~40.34μg/L,136.19~213.71μg/L,15.39~149.83μg/L,and 49.00~159.17μg/L.The plants in each culture group can grow normally,but the group of mixed culture is better.Different plants show significant differences in metal adsorption,spirogyra has the largest adsorption of 4 heavy metals,and there is no significant difference in the adsorption of 4 heavy metals between the goldfish and the rota melanophyta of each culture group,and the three plants have the best adsorption effect on Zn.In general,mixed culture group is superior to single culture group.