CRISPR/Cas技术在核酸检测中的应用进展

Application Progress of CRISPR/Cas in Nucleic Acid Detection

CRISPR/Cas是大多数细菌及古细菌基于RNA的后天免疫系统。由CRISPR/Cas系统改造而成的CRISPR/Cas技术已成为一种强大的基因编辑工具,广泛应用于基因功能研究和基因修饰与治疗。除了作为基因编辑工具,Ⅱ类Cas蛋白具有的"附属切割"特性,已被开发成一种快速、低成本且高灵敏的核酸检测工具,在核酸分子诊断领域具有重要的应用潜力。该文总结了3种Ⅱ类Cas蛋白在核酸检测领域的代表性研究进展,并对CRISPR/Cas系统在该领域的应用前景进行了展望。

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein(CRISPR/Cas)is an adaptive immune defense system based on RNA for most bacteria and archaea.CRISPR/Cas technology modified from CRISPR/Cas system has become a strong genome editing tool,which has been widely applied in gene function analysis,gene modification and therapy.Other than being a strong genome editing tool,the“collateral cleavage”of typeⅡCas has been employed as a rapid,inexpensive,and sensitive nucleic acid detection tool,exhibiting a great promise in nucleic acid molecular diagnosis.The representative research progresses in nucleic acid detection based on the typeⅡCas are reviewed in this article,and an outlook on the application of CRISPR/Cas system in molecular diagnosis is proposed.