高原特长隧道驾驶人动态决策跟驰模型与限速研究

Driver's Dynamic Decision Car-following Model and Speed Limit in Plateau Extra-long Tunnel

为研究高原特长隧道跟驰特性及驾驶人决策行为,优化隧道路段限速值,在云贵高原地区特长隧道进行了实车跟驰试验.基于采集跟驰数据,分析驾驶人在高原特长隧道的驾驶决策行为并得到加减速决策模型;提出隧道跟驰过程中驾驶人局部效用最优概念,通过安全跟驰距离模型、驾驶人感知速度模型及驾驶人决策模型,建立局部最优的驾驶人动态决策跟驰模型,仿真驾驶人在隧道路段上的最优决策行为.研究结果表明:在高原特长隧道进口段及出口段,驾驶人趋于选择更大的跟驰距离;基于局部最优的驾驶人动态决策跟驰模型,能较好地仿真最优跟驰行为,得到隧道路段最优决策速度并作为最高限速值.本文结论为改善高原特长隧道路段行车安全状态提供了理论支撑.

In order to study the car-following characteristics and driver decision-making behavior in plateau extratunnel long tunnel,and get optimizing limit speed values on tunnel,the car-following test of the extra-long tunnel is carried out in Yunnan-Kweichow Plateau area.Driver’s acceleration and deceleration decision model is built for plateau extra-tunnel long tunnel,using to analyze the driver’s decision.This paper proposes the local optimal utility concept,and builds the model of local optimum of driver’s dynamic car-following decision through the collision avoidance model,driver’s perception speed model and driver’s acceleration and deceleration decision model,to simulate diver’s optimal decision.The research results show that:the driver tends to keep a greater following distance in the area of extra-long tunnel’s entrance and export;the driver's dynamic decision carfollowing model based on local optimum has a good performance on simulating optimal car-following behavior;and then the maximum speed limit of the tunnel section is optimized according to the decision behavior of its speed.The obtained results are helpful for improving the state of traffic safety in tunnel section.