不同旱地春小麦新品种(系)干物质积累和产量形成的特点

Characteristics of dry matter accumulation and grain yield forming of different spring wheat varieties or strains in dryland of Gansu Province

为了探明不同旱地春小麦新品种(系)干物质积累与分配规律及其产量形成特点,以2016年甘肃省春小麦区域试验中07001-2-5、06044-3-7-12、06004-5-3、06005-4-1、04013-1-3-5、甘春25号和西旱2号等7个参试品种(系)为材料,研究和比较了不同春小麦新品种(系)干物质积累运转及产量形成的规律。结果表明:随着生育进程的推进,不同春小麦新品种(系)的叶面积指数在抽穗期达到峰值。小麦成熟期的干物质积累量和籽粒干物质分配量均以06044-3-7-12最大,明显较对照西旱2号高10.08%和12.84%。干物质分配比例籽粒>茎秆+叶鞘+叶片>穗轴+颖壳。甘春25号、06044-3-7-12和06004-5-3花后干物质积累量分别较对照显著高出33.39%、24.46%和14.37%。花后干物质同化量对籽粒的贡献率占到72.84%～83.60%,其中甘春25号最高,较西旱2号显著高出4.43%。不同旱地春小麦新品种(系)的籽粒千粒重和产量均以甘春25号最高,其次是新品系06044-3-7-12,分别比西旱2号增产6.15%和3.17%,差异显著。可见,在本试验条件下,各小麦干物质积累量在籽粒中的分配比例最高;花后干物质积累量和对籽粒的贡献率均高于花前。其中,甘春25号花后干物质积累量显著高于其它新品种(系),对籽粒的贡献率较其它品种(系)高出2.89%～29.38%,千粒重和籽粒产量显著高于其它新品种(系)。

In order to explore the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and distribution,and grain yield forming of different spring wheat varieties or strains in dryland of Gansu Province,the field experiment was conducted to understand the dry matter accumulation and distribution,and grain yield formation rule of different spring wheat varieties.The 7 varieties or strains were selected from Spring Wheat Regional Trials of Gansu Province in 2016.The results showed that the leaf area index(LAI)of different spring wheat varieties or strains reached its peak at heading stage.The dry matter accumulation and allocationin grain of 06044-3-7-12 were the highest at maturity stage,which were significantly higher by 10.08%and 12.84%than which of Xihan No.2.Dry matter translocation was grain>stem+sheath+leaf>spike axis+grain husk.The dry matter accumulation after anthesis of Ganchun No.25,06044-3-7-12 and 06004-5-3 was increased by 33.39%,24.46%and 14.37%than which of control,respectively.The contribution rate of dry matter as similation after anthesis to grain was accounted for 72.84%-83.60%.Ganchun No.25 was the highest among all varieties or strains,which was remarkably higher by 4.43%than which of Xihan No.2.The 1000-grains weight and grain yield of Ganchun No.25 were the highest,followed by 06044-3-7-12,which of them were obviously higher by 6.15%and 3.17%than Xihan No.2,respectively.The results indicaded that the dry matter distribution in grain was the highest in this experimental condition.The dry matter accumulation and contribution rate to grain after anthesis were higher than which of before anthesis.The dry matter accumulation after anthesis of Ganchun No.25 was significantly higher than which of other varieties or strains.And the contribution rate of which to grain was higher by 2.89%~29.38%than which of others.The 1000-grains weight and grain yield of Ganchun No.25 were significantly higher than which of others.