吸湿回干对冬小麦种子萌发和幼苗期根系形态及生理的影响

Effect of moisture-absorbing and dehydration on seed germination,seedling morphology and physiology of winter wheat

全球气候变化条件下,干旱发生的越来越频繁,冬小麦播种往往需要造墒。种子吸湿回干能够提高作物的抗旱性。以抗旱型小麦青麦6号、水肥型小麦济麦22为试验材料,设置"对照"、"干旱"、"吸湿回干"、"吸湿回干+干旱"4个处理,通过萌发期、两叶一心期胁迫试验,分析冬小麦发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、株高、根长、根系总根长、根系总根体积、根系总表面积、根系平均根直径、超氧化物酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明,吸湿回干处理虽降低冬小麦发芽率、发芽指数、株高、根长、根系总根长、根系总根体积、根系总表面积、根系平均根直径,却能提高济麦22的发芽势、SOD、POD、CAT活性,但吸湿回干处理对青麦6号的上述指标影响较小。由此看来,吸湿回干通过增强氧自由基清除酶的活性来提高水肥型冬小麦抗旱性,而对抗旱冬小麦影响较小。

Due to the global climate change,drought occurres more frequently.It is essential to store more moisture in soil in winter wheat seeding.A hydroponic experiment was conducted to explore the effects of seeds moisture-absorbing and dehydration treatments on wheat varieties,drought-sensitive wheat cultivar‘Qingmai 6’and fertilizer Wheat cultivar‘Jimai 22’.The four treatments were set as“control”,“drought”,“moisture-absorbing and dehydration”and“moisture-absorbing and dehydration+drought”respectively.Dynamics of wheat germination rate,germination potential,germination index,plant height,root length,root total root length,total root surface area,root volume,root root average root diameter,superoxide dismutase activity,peroxidase,catalase and malondial dehyde were analyzed by tests of germination and two leaf stress.The results showed that moisture-absorbing and dehydration treatment decreased the winter wheat germination rate,germination index,seedling height,root length,root total root length,total root surface area,root volume,root mean root diameter phenotype.However,it could improve the germination potential and activity of SOD,POD and CAT for winter wheat Jimai 22 with less effect on Qingmai 6.Inconclusion,moisture absorption could improve the drought resistance of common winter wheat and it had little effect on drought resistance of winter wheat.