不同树形对贵人香葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of trainning systems on growth and fruit quality of Italian Riesling grape

对河西走廊埋土防寒区酿酒葡萄贵人香开展树形改造试验,将多主蔓V形水平龙干形(CK)改造为单臂单蔓篱架水平龙干形(DLL)和单臂单蔓Y型水平龙干形(DYL)树形。通过对树体光合特性、生长及果实品质对比研究,结果表明:与CK相比,DLL和DYL两种树形均提高了叶片的光合性能,叶片中叶绿素a含量显著增加,但只有DLL树形叶片叶绿素a/b值显著高于对照;自然条件下晴天光合日变化中,不同树形均出现明显的午休现象,其中DLL树形的午休现象较轻,且恢复较快。DLL和DYL两种树形第3节位粗度分别比对照提高了51.71%、22.58%,纵横径比均显著高于对照。DLL和DYL两种改造后的树形分别提高了果实中可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量、总酚含量和糖酸比,且降低了总酸含量,其中可溶性固形物含量分别提高了20.5%和11.8%,糖酸比分别比对照提高了35.09%和13.15%,还原糖DLL比对照提高了15.15%;总酸含量DLL比对照降低了14.99%。结果表明,河西走廊酿酒葡萄采用DLL和DYL两种树形,对于提高果实品质是较为合理的树形,DLL树形更佳,且有利于机械化生产,可以在西北埋土防寒区生产中大面积推广应用。

Riesling grape tree training system test was carried out in Hexi Corridor Area,the horizontal trunk many stem V form(CK)was transformed into single column single stem horizontal trunk vertical plastic(DLL)and single column single stem horizontal trunk Y plastic(DYL)training systems.By comparing the photosynthetic characteristics,growth and fruit quality of the tree,the results showed that compared with CK,both DLL and DYL trees increased the photosynthetic performance of leaves,and the chlorophyll a content was increased significantly,but only the DLL tree leaf chlorophyll a/b value was significantly higher than that of control;Under natural conditions,the diurnal photosynthesis of different tree training systems showed obvious midday depression,the midday depression of DLL tree is lighter,and faster recovery was observed after 16∶00.The third node roughness of DLL and DYL increased by 51.71%and 22.58%respectively compared with the control.DLL and DYL increased fruit soluble solids content,reducing sugar content,total phenol content and sugar acid ratio,and reduce the total acid content,soluble solids content were increased by 20.5%and 11.8%,the ratio of sugar and acid was increased by 35.09%and 13.15%by DLL and DYL,respectively.DLL increased reducing sugar 15.15%,compared with the CK,and the total acid content of DLL was reduced by 14.99%compared to the control.The results show that in Hexi Corridor Area,both DLL and DYL training systems could improve the quality of fruit,DLL tree is better because of the conduciving to mechanized production.