果园风送喷雾机的改进设计与喷雾高度调控模型构建

Optimization design of orchard air-assisted sprayer and mathematical model for spray height control

【目的】针对第一代果园喷雾机存在的风箱角度不能电动控制且调节精度不高、传动装置设计欠合理和体积偏大等问题进行改进,并建立喷雾高度调控模型,为新一代果园喷雾机的设计提供参考。【方法】对喷雾机导流风箱的固定方式、传动方案和通过性能进行了改进,并通过喷雾沉积分布试验及数学方程拟合,建立沉积分布重心高度、喷雾宽度与风箱角度之间的数学模型。【结果】与改进前相比,该喷雾机不仅支持风箱角度电动精确调控,而且其理论功耗还减少了8%,长度尺寸减小了32.6%。风箱旋转角度对喷雾机尺寸影响的测试结果表明,旋转角度对风箱组宽度有一定的影响,旋转角度为最大值30°时风箱组宽度最大,为0.95m,但仍然小于喷雾机轮距1.0m;风箱旋转角度对喷雾机高度基本没有影响。改进后的喷雾机喷雾沉积分布试验表明,风箱与铅垂线夹角分别为0°,15°和30°时,喷雾沉积分布重心高度分别为1.14,1.55和2.20m,70.7%的药量分别垂直集中分布于0.72~1.56,1.15~1.94和1.71~2.69m,拟合得到的沉积分布重心高度、喷雾宽度和风箱角度之间的数学方程均为线性方程,其R2值分别为0.982和0.996。【结论】改进后喷雾机支持喷雾高度电动精确调节;所建立的喷雾高度智能调控模型可为果园喷雾机的改进完善提供支持。

【Objective】The first generation orchard sprayer with manually adjustable spraying height has shortcomings such as the air-assisted bellow rotation mechanism can not support an automatic control system,the adjustment accuracy of the air-assisted bellow is low,the design of the transmission is not very advisable,and the sprayer size is not small enough.In this study,an optimized orchard sprayer was developed,and a mathematical model for spray height control was established to support new precision sprayer design.【Method】The air-assisted bellow rotation mechanism,transmission mechanism,and pass ability were improved.The relationship equations between the deposition height of spray orthocenter,the spray width and the bellow angle were obtained by spray deposition distribution tests and mathematical equations fitting.【Result】Compared with the sprayer before optimization,the theoretical power consumption of the new sprayer was reduced by 8%,the length was decreased by 32.6%,and the adjustment of the bellow’s angle was more accurate.The test of the sprayer size influenced by bellows rotation showed that the size of the sprayer would change when the bellows were rotated.The width of the sprayer was the biggest when the bellows were rotated by the largest angle of 30°.The biggest width was 0.95 m,less than the sprayer wheel distance of 1.0 m.The rotation angle of bellows almost had no effect on the height of the sprayer.The experiment of spraying deposition of the sprayer showed that when the bellow angles were 0°,15°and 30°,the deposition centers were 1.14,1.55 and 2.20 m,and 70.7%deposition was located at the heights of 0.72-1.56,1.15-1.94,and 1.71-2.69 m,respectively.The fitting relationship equations between deposition height of spray orthocenter and bellow angle,and between spray width and bellow angle were linear with R 2 values of 0.982 and 0.996,respectively.【Conclusions】The optimized sprayer can support automatic control of its spraying deposition.The equations can be used as for automatic control of bellows angle to support orchard sprayer improvement.