塔台管制中认知负荷交互指标的选取与检验

Selection and Inspection of Cognitive Load Interaction Indexes in Tower Control

为研究塔台管制中的认知负荷交互指标选取与检验,对管制员认知结构模型进行研讨分析,选取11个待检验指标;利用塔台管制模拟软件、眼动仪和生理多导仪搭建实验平台,设计4种任务难度(每分钟起落航班架次分别为0.6架、0.8架、1.0架、1.2架)的塔台管制模拟场景,结合实验数据,利用方差分析法和多独立样本非参数检验对认知负荷交互指标进行检验,分析各指标与认知负荷的相关性。结果表明:认知负荷交互指标的选取,应包含主观评价指标和客观因果指标两部分;平均信息处理时间、注视时长占比、时间需求、脑力需求、业绩水平、受挫程度、瞳孔大小和平均信息反应时间为主要认知负荷交互指标,这些指标与任务难度的变化显著相关,可以用于进一步构建认知负荷评价模型。

In order to study the selection and the inspection of cognitive load interaction indexes in tower control,and analyze the controller s working characteristics and the cognitive model,11 indicators were selected,using tower control simulation software,eye tracker and physiological multi-guidometer to build an experimental platform,four kinds of task difficulty were designed(flights per minute landings are 0.6 aircraft,0.8 aircraft,1.0 aircraft,and 1.2 aircraft)to test the cognitive load interaction indicators.Using the variance analysis method and multiple independent sample non-parametric tests,the correlation between each indicator and the task difficulty was analyzed.The results show that the selection of cognitive load interactive indicators should include two parts:subjective evaluation index and objective cause and effect index;among which the average information processing time,the proportion of gaze duration,time requirement,brain demand,performance level,level of frustration,pupil size and the average information response time are the main cognitive load interaction indexes.These indicators are significantly related to the change of task difficulty and can be used to further construct a cognitive load evaluation model.