锻炼氛围、主观体验对大学生余暇体育锻炼的影响

Influence of Exercise Atmosphere and Subjective Experience on Leisure Physical Exercise of Undergraduates

基于社会认知理论和锻炼坚持认知决策理论,探讨锻炼氛围、主观体验对大学生余暇体育锻炼的综合影响。采用自编的《自然氛围量表》,修订《青少年运动友谊量表》《重要他人自主支持量表》《主观锻炼体验量表》和《体育活动等级量表》等,对1 861名大学生进行调查。结果表明:大学生能够感知到相对合理的锻炼氛围和相对积极的主观锻炼体验,但其余暇时间的活动量却处于中低水平,参与锻炼的形式比较单一、内容相对单调,而且,大学生感知到的锻炼氛围、主观体验,及其余暇体育锻炼状况存在性别差异,其中,男性在各项指标上均优于女性;锻炼氛围、主观体验对大学生余暇体育锻炼各指标的影响皆达显著水平(P<0.001),在锻炼氛围影响大学生余暇体育锻炼时,主观体验具备了部分中介效应。结论:锻炼氛围、主观体验是促进大学生余暇体育锻炼的外部、内部因素,锻炼氛围既可直接影响大学生从事余暇体育锻炼,还可通过作用于个体的主观体验而间接影响大学生余暇体育锻炼。研究结论可为引导大学生形成积极的体育生活方式提供实践启示。

Based on social cognitive theory and physical exercise adherence cognitive decision-making theory,this paper discussed the combined influence of exercise atmosphere and subjective experience on undergraduates'leisure physical exercise.We investigated 1861 undergraduates(Age=20±0.500;male=838,female=885)with the self-compiled Natural Atmosphere Scale,the revised Adolescents Sports Friendship Quality Scale,Important Others'Autonomous Support Scale,Subjective Exercise Experience Scale,Physical Activity Rating Scale,etc.The result showed that undergraduates were able to perceive the relatively rational atmosphere of physical exercise and the relatively active exercise experience.However,the amount of leisure exercise stayed well below the middle level,with simple forms and dull contents.Furthermore,there also existed the gender difference in aspects such as undergraduates'perceived exercise atmosphere,subjective experience,and leisure exercise status(the male was superior to the female in all indicators concerned);the exercise atmosphere and subjec-tive experience had obvious influence on all indicators of undergraduates’leisure exercise(P<0.001);and in the case of exercise atmosphere graduates'leisure exercise,the subjective experience partially played a mediating effect.Exercise atmosphere and subjective experience served as both the external and internal factors motivating undergraduates'leisure physical exercise.The exercise atmosphere not only direcdy influenced undergraduates'leisure exercise,but also indirectly influenced it through affecting individual subjective experience.This research conclusion could be taken as a practical enlightenment guiding undergraduates to lead an exercise-active life.