异质性层面、影子教育与教育公平

Heterogeneity Level,Shadow Education and Educational Equity

教育公平是当下社会关注的焦点,起点公平是其中的主要方面,保障教育机会均等是实现教育起点公平的重要举措。本文从影子教育视角出发,利用中国教育追踪调查数据(CEPS),构建Logistic模型和中介效应模型,详细探讨不同异质性层面对影子教育获得产生的概率影响和作用机制,由此了解教育机会均等在各层面因素下的现实情况。结果表明,家庭层因素是影响影子教育获得的重要方面,而学校层和个体层的影响同样不容被忽视。整体来看,阶层越高,影子教育需求越大,从而产生对低阶层群体的优质教育挤出。另外,不同层面的影响也具有显著差异,实证结果给出,家庭层的文化资本水平对影子教育获得产生了关键性影响,还存在家长教育期望和学生自我教育期望的中介效应,包含期望因素的Wisconsin模型,对现有研究存在的影子教育影响系数高估进行了修正,同时形成了一种机制探讨思路。最后,本文在所得结论基础上提出一些政策性建议。

Educational equity is a heatedly discussed issue in the present society,and the fairness of starting point is one of its major points,with the guarantee of equal educational opportunity being the prominent measure for the fairness of starting point.Based on China Education Panel Survey(CEPS),this article begins from the perspective of shadow education,constructs Logistic Model and Mediating Effect Model,and probes into the probabilistic impact and functional mechanism generated by the acquisition of shadow education at different heterogeneity levels,so as to reveal the reality of equal educational opportunity under diverse factors.Results show that factors within families have significant influences on the acquisition of shadow education,which does not imply that the influence from schools and individuals should be neglected.Generally speaking,the higher the social rank is,the more the demands for shadow education will have,which will unavoidably squeeze out the qualified education of grass-roots classes.Moreover,differences in the influences from different levels are significant.Results show that the level of cultural and capital capabilities of a particular family exerts critical influences on the acquisition of shadow education,in addition to the mediating effects of parents’educational expectation and students’self-expectation.We have amended the overestimation in the existing influencing index of shadow education,have constructed a mechanism discussion,and have proposed some suggestions accordingly.