CRISPR基因编辑技术研究进展及其在水生生物中的应用

Advances on CRISPR gene editing technologies and their applications in aquatic organisms

CRISPR基因编辑技术主要包括CRISPR/Cas9技术和CRISPR/Cpf1技术,与以往的基因编辑技术相比,具有高效、简便、低廉等优点,因此在过去短短的几年里,该基因编辑技术被大量应用于拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、小鼠(Mus musculus)、猪(Sus scrofa)等陆生生物基因编辑相关研究中。目前,该技术在水生生物中也得到了应用,如在模式生物与疾病模型的构建、基因功能解析与筛选、水生生物新品种选育、疾病控制及海洋药物研发等方面。在阐述CRISPR基因编辑技术相关结构、作用机制和与其它基因编辑技术比较的基础上,对其在水生生物多个方面的应用情况进行了综述,旨在为从事相关研究的科研工作者们提供帮助。

Editing technologies of CRISPR/Cas9 and CRISPR/Cpf1 are known as the third generation gene editing technologies.Compared with the previous gene editing technologies,such as Zinc-finger nuclease(ZFN)and Transcription activator-like effector(TALEN),the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and CRISPR/Cpf1 technology have many advantages,more efficient,simpler and cheaper.Therefore,in recent years,the two technologies have been extensively applied in researches of terrestrial organisms,for example,thale cress,mouse,rice,pig etc.By now,the two technologies have also been widely used in studies of aquatic organisms,including the construction of model organisms and disease models,analysis and selection of gene function,breeding as well as research and development of medicine and so on.In this paper,based on the introduction of relevant structure and mechanism of CRISPR gene editing technologies,their applications in researches of aquatic organisms were reviewed to supply references for relevant studies.