不同复垦模式对土壤团聚体及水溶性阳离子的影响

Effects of Different Restoration Patterns on Distribution of Soil Aggregates and Water Soluble Cations of Abandoned Salinized Field

以新疆玛河流域冲积扇缘盐碱地为研究区,分析了盐碱弃耕地不同复垦模式对土壤团聚体组成及水溶性Na^+,K^+,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+)分布的影响。结果表明:与弃耕地相比,采用单作、间作及轮作种植模式均可显著降低土壤pH值和电导率(p<0.05),土壤pH值分别较弃耕地降低了10.7%,9.7%,10.6%,EC相应降低了19.2%,71.0%,84.1%;不同复垦模式>0.25mm粒径团聚体含量显著增加(p<0.05),单作、间作、轮作分别较弃耕地增加了15.8%,13.2%和15.6%,且显著高于其他粒径(p<0.05),土壤团聚体结构显著改善;不同复垦模式中水溶性阳离子含量主要分布于<0.25mm粒径的微团聚体中,在团聚体中表现为Ca^(2+)>Mg^(2+)>Na^+>K^+,间作和轮作均显著减少水溶性阳离子含量(p<0.05)。建议在盐碱弃耕地复垦过程中采用轮作或间作种植模式更有利于弃耕地植被恢复。

The effects of restoration patterns on soil aggregates and aggregate-associated soil water soluble Na^+,K^+,Ca 2+,Mg 2+in abandoned salinized farmland were studied in the experimental field on the alluvial fan oasis of Manas River Basin.The results indicated that different restoration patterns in abandoned salinized fields significantly reduced the soil pH value and EC(p<0.05),the scales of pH value under monoculture,intercropping and crop rotation were 10.7%,9.7%,10.6%lower than that under abandoned salinized field,respectively,the values of EC under monoculture,intercropping and crop rotation were 19.2%,71.0%,84.1%lower than that under the abandoned salinized field,respectively;the different reclamation modes increased the contents of>0.25 mm soil macroaggregate(p<0.05),the contents of>0.25 mm soil macroaggregate under the monoculture,intercropping and crop rotation were 15.8%,13.2%and 15.6%higher than that under abandoned salinized field,respectively,and significantly higher than the other two sizes of aggregates(p<0.05),the aggregate structure of the soil was significantly improved;water soluble cation contents of different restoration patterns were the highest in the size of<0.25 mm aggregate,and content of cation decreased in the order:Ca 2+>Mg 2+>Na^+>K^+.Intercropping and rotation significantly reduced water soluble cation contents(p<0.05),which implied that soil improvement effect under intercropping and rotation was significant.The intercropping and rotation are the preferred modes of vegetation restoration in saline soil.