阿勒泰地区不同草地类型植被特征

Characteristic of Vegetation of Different Grassland Types in Altay Prefecture

天然草原是新疆阿勒泰地区畜牧业生产赖以生存的主要物质基础之一,也是阿勒泰地区最大的生态屏障。为了弄清阿勒泰地区不同草地类型的植被特征,以及将阿勒泰地区草地生物量空间分布以遥感图形式来展现,利用阿勒泰地区162个草地监测样地(365个草地样方)生物量及其他植被因子监测数据,分析了阿勒泰地区9个草地类型的植被组成、海拔高度、植被高度、盖度、生物量;同时,借助ArcGIS软件制作了2014年的生物量分布图。结果显示:(1)不同草地类型的海拔高度大小排列为:高寒草甸>山地草甸>温性草甸草原>温性草原>温性荒漠化草原>温性草原化荒漠>温性荒漠>沼泽>低地草甸;(2)植被盖度排序为:沼泽>低地草甸>山地草甸>高寒草甸>温性草甸草原>温性荒漠草原>温性草原>温性荒漠>温性草原化荒漠;(3)地表生物量排序为:沼泽>低地草甸>温性草甸草原>山地草甸>温性草原>高寒草甸>温性草原化荒漠>温性荒漠;(4)植被高度排序为:沼泽>低地草甸>温性草甸草原>山地草甸>温性草原>温性草原化荒漠>温性荒漠草原>高寒草甸>温性荒漠;(5)实测生物量与归一化植被指数NDVI的关系可用幂函数来模拟:y=7695.807x^(1.327)(R^2=0.421,p<0.05);(6)阿勒泰草原生物量在空间上呈现自南向北增加的分布特征,这与该区水分自南向北递增的趋势一致。依据行政区划富蕴、福海、吉木乃县以南地表植被地上生物量水平较低,越向古尔班通古特沙漠方向生物量值越低。

Natural grassland is one of the main material bases for livestock production in the Altay prefecture of Xinjiang and the largest ecological barrier in Altay prefecture.To find out the characteristics of vegetation of different grassland types and to show the distribution of grassland biomass in space in the Altay prefecture in the form of remote sensing images,based on the data of grass biomass and other vegetation factor from 162 sampling sites and 365 quadrats of the Altay prefecture,we analyzed the altitude,vegetation composition,height,coverage and biomass of different grassland types in Altay prefecture.At the same time,we made the biomass distribution map of 2014.The results showed that:(1)the elevations of different grassland types decreased in the order:alpine meadow>upland meadow>temperate meadow steppe>temperate steppe>temperate desert steppe>temperate steppe desert>temperate desert>swamp>low plain meadow;(2)the vegetation coverage decreased in the order:swamp>low plain meadow>upland meadow>alpine meadow>temperate meadow steppe>temperate desert steppe>temperate steppe>temperate desert>temperate steppe desert;(3)the biomass decreased in the order:swamp>low plain meadow>temperate meadow steppe>upland meadow>temperate desert steppe>temperate steppe>alpine meadow>temperate steppe desert>temperate desert;(4)the height of the vegetation decreased in the order:swamp>low plain meadow>temperate meadow steppe>upland meadow>temperate steppe>temperate steppe desert>temperate desert steppe>alpine meadow>temperate desert;(5)the relationship between the measured biomass and the normalized vegetation index NDVI can be simulated by power functions:y=7695.807 x 1.327(R 2=0.421,p<0.05);(6)the distribution characteristics of the Altay grassland biomass in space increased from south to north.According to the administrative divisions,low biomass level of the ground vegetation distributed in the south of the counties of Fuhai,Fuyun and Qinhe,the more the vegetation is close to the desert of Gurbantunggut,the lower the biomass is.