山区县域土地利用变化对生态脆弱性的影响——以青龙满族自治县为例

Effects of Land Use Transformation on Ecological Vulnerability in Mountainous Counties——Taking Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County as an Example

以青龙满族自治县为研究区域,采用VSD模型,从暴露度、敏感性和适应能力3方面选取10个指标构建评价指标体系,运用综合指数法对研究区2001年和2013年生态脆弱性进行了定量评价,并探讨了土地利用变化对生态脆弱性的影响。结果表明:(1)2001—2013年,研究区土地利用发生明显变化,主要为未利用地开发为林地和园地,研究期初的林地遭到破坏,建设用地通过占用农用地扩张迅速。(2)研究区生态脆弱性呈现西北部高,中部、东部低的态势,且生态环境朝着良好态势发展。继续保持东北部和西南部的生态保护措施,加大西北部生态整治力度是研究区今后生态修复和保护的重要方向。(3)研究区土地利用变化对生态脆弱性的影响显著,其中林地和园地的大幅度增加是导致区域生态脆弱性降低的主要原因,而建设用地的扩张对生态环境产生负面影响。加强未利用地的开发利用、控制建设用地的无序扩张是研究区降低生态脆弱性、促进经济与生态环境协调发展的有效途径。

Taking the Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County as the research area,we selected ten indexes from three aspects of exposure,sensitivity and adaptability to construct the evaluation index system by using the VSD model.Comprehensive index method was used to quantitatively evaluate the ecological vulnerability of the study area in 2001 and 2013,and the impact of land use change on ecological vulnerability was discussed.The results showed that:(1)from 2001 to 2013,the land use in the study area changed significantly,the unused land was converted into forest land and garden plot;the forestland at the beginning of the study period was destroyed to a certain extent,the construction land expanded rapidly through the occupation of agricultural land;(2)the ecological vulnerability in the study area showed the high trend in the northwest while it presented the low level in the central and eastern regions,and the ecological environment was developing towards the good status;it would be the important direction for ecological restoration and protection of the study area in the future to maintain the ecological protection measures in the northeast and southwest,and increase the strength of ecological rehabilitation in the northwestern;(3)the land use change in the study area had a significant impact on the ecological vulnerability;the increases of wood land and garden plot were the main reasons for the decrease of regional ecological vulnerability,while the expansion of construction land had a negative impact on the ecological environment.Strengthening the exploitation and utilization of unused land and controlling the disorderly expansion of construction land are the effective ways to reduce the ecological vulnerability and promote the coordinated development of economy and ecological environment.