从近十年国家出台的文件看我国高等教育政策制定

Understanding the Policy-Making of China's Higher Education through the Lens of National Policy Documents

进入中国特色社会主义新时代以来,我国已经全面开启建设高等教育强国新征程。在高等教育承前启后的这一历史节点,回望过去,把握发展轨迹,对谋划、选定下一段发展路径将大有裨益。本文基于对2007-2017年间国家出台的高等教育政策文件的分析,归纳出近十年来我国高等教育政策制定的四个特征:中央政府通过政策性文件配置资源的方式在数量比重与体制分类结构比重上占主导地位;越倾向高校内部管理的事务、越倾向由基层或市场配置的事务,中央层面的文件越趋向与多个部门协调;教育行政性审批文件仍然占据一定比重,且在学校微观管理上占据不小空间;尚未有关于教育政策评估制度的发布。认清这些特征,对未来高等教育的政策制定有重要借鉴作用。

Since its entry into a new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,China has started a new journey for the construction of a country with world-class competitive power in higher education.In the historical moment that connects the past,present and future in higher education,it is beneficial for strategizing and selecting the approach to future development to look backward upon the past decade and understand the developmental trajectory.Based on a policy document analysis of the national policy documents in relation to higher education issued between 2007 and 2017,this paper reports on the four characteristics of policy-making of China's higher education during the period:(1)The Central Government dominated higher education in terms of ratio distribution and system classification through policy documents-guided resource allocation;(2)For higher education related matters,the more institutionally internal,the lower level,and the more market-oriented,the more likely would the policy documents at the Central Government level be coordinated with multiple departments;(3)The policy documents with the nature of educational administrative monitoring still accounted for a considerable proportion,many of which were concerning the micromanagement of higher education institutions;(4)There had been no policy documents in the area of educational policy evaluation.