对不同运动级别的高水平游泳运动员意志品质水平的研究

本次研究采用梁承谋教授编制的意志品质量表《BTL-YZ-1高级运动员意志量表》对国内部分高水平游泳运动员的意志品质情况进行研究。按照国际健将、健将、一级对参与研究的游泳运动员进行分组。研究结果表明:(1)国际健将组和健将组运动员在坚韧性、果断性、自信心和目标清晰度这4个维度上存在明显差异。(2)健将组与一级组游泳运动员之间在坚韧性、果断性、自信心、顽强性、自控力和目标清晰度这6个维度中均无显著差异。(3)国际健将组和一级组游泳运动员在6个维度中存在显著差异。本次研究发现了不同级别的游泳运动员在意志品质的6个维度中呈现的不同水平的意志品质,在训练中可根据心理特点的不同,对游泳运动员在训练计划中加相应心理特点的训练内容。优异的运动成绩的前提是意志品质在运动员身后作为强大的后盾,支撑着运动员在每一次生理崩溃边缘的又一次突破,不断提升自己。

This study is according to the scale of the qualities of professional athletes,willpower and mental toughness,BTL-YZ-1,which is conducted by Professor Cheng Mou Liang.The study focuses on qualities of willpower and mental toughness for some of domestic professional swimmers.Our study classif ies participants into three groups,including international top-ranked,national top-ranked and national f irst-class.The study comes up with three results:(1)swimmers in international top-ranked and national f irst-class have signif icant differences among the four dimensions:perseverance,decisiveness,conf idence and goal clarity.(2)The national top-ranked and the national f irst-class don’t exhibit apparent distinctions in perseverance,decisiveness,conf idence,tenacity,selfdiscipline and goal clarity.(3)Compared with the international top-ranked,the national f irst-class exhibit apparent distinctions in perseverance,decisiveness,conf idence,tenacit y,self-discipline and goal clar it y.In conclusion,according to the study,swimmers in different classes present a variety of levels of willpower and mental qualities in these six dimensions.According to psychological dissimilarities,we can design the training program based on individual characteristics and help swimmers to strengthen their weak sides.Willpower and mental qualities are regarded as a strong psychological foundation for swimmers which help them make a breakthrough when they face an unforeseen hurdle,so as to improve themselves better and stronger.