攀岩运动损伤流行病学研究进展

Progress in Rock Climbing Injuries Epidemiological Study

从登山运动中衍生而来的攀岩运动,是我国政府2013年公布的首批4项高危险性体育项目之一,其损伤风险日益受到关注。为揭示攀岩运动损伤的流行病学特征,综述了国内外攀岩运动损伤相关文献,对攀岩运动损伤发生率、损伤特征和影响因素进行了梳理。结果表明,室内人工岩壁攀登的损伤发生率总体上处于较低水平;损伤多发生在手、肩、肘、腕、膝、踝等部位,但攀爬方式的转变引起了损伤部位的明显变化,当前手指滑车、手掌和肩关节损伤最为常见;损伤类型中较多为过度使用损伤和急性损伤,过度使用损伤多发于上肢,急性损伤多发于下肢;损伤的程度一般较轻。攀岩运动员的年龄、性别、运动水平、运动负荷等自身因素以及场地、保护员水平、装备器材等外部因素均会对损伤特征产生影响。建议进一步探讨攀岩运动的损伤机制和预防措施,并统一攀岩运动损伤的定义和统计标准,针对不同人群进行长期的跟踪研究,以加深对攀岩运动损伤特征和机制的认识,帮助攀岩教练员与运动员更好地预防损伤的发生。

Originated as a skill practice from mountaineering,rock climbing is one of high-risk sports in China,the risk of injuries of which is increasingly concerned.In order to reveal the epidemiological characteristics of rock climbing injuries,this paper reviews the domestic and international rock climbing injuries related literature.The results showed that the incidence of indoor climbing injuries was generally low;injuries mostly occurred in hands,shoulders,elbows,wrists,knees,ankles and other parts,of which the fingers pulley,palms and shoulder joint injuries were the most common types of injuries.Chronic overuse injuries in the upper extremities and acute injuries in the lower extremities were most common types of injuries.The proportion of serious injuries in indoor climbing was at a low level.Age,sex,skill level,exercise load and other factors of rock climbers affected the injuries characteristics.It suggested that researches should further explore the mechanism and precautionary measures for rock climbing injuries and unify the definition and research methods of rock climbing injuries.Follow-up studies should be carried out for different groups of people and to better prevent the occurrence of injuries.