创新补偿抑或遵循成本？污染光环抑或污染天堂？--绿色全要素生产率视角下双假说的门槛效应与空间溢出效应检验

"Innovation Compensation" or "Following Costs" ? "Pollution Paradise" or "Pollution Halo"?——The Threshold Effect of Double Hypothesis and the Test of Spatial Spillover Effect from the Perspective of Green Total Factor Productivity

提高绿色全要素生产率是新常态下能源需求与资源约束增强的现实要求,而对绿色全要素生产率的"波特假说"与"污染天堂"检验学界仍莫衷一是。在利用SBM模型测得各省市绿色全要素生产率的基础上,首先在环境规制视角下分析技术创新、外商直接投资对绿色全要素生产率的直接-间接效应;其次对绿色全要素生产率的"波特假说"与"污染天堂假说"进行检验;最后进行空间溢出效应探索。研究结果表明:(1)从全国层面看,环境规制、技术创新水平、外商直接投资水平对区域绿色全要素生产率有促进作用,"波特假说"成立而"污染天堂假说"不成立;(2)在中等水平的外商投资省市,环境规制的"污染天堂效应"大于"污染光环效应"。在高水平的外商直接投资省份,环境规制的"污染光环效应"大于"污染天堂效应";(3)在中等水平环境规制下的省市,技术创新的补偿效应大于遵循成本的负效应,验证了"波特假说"。在高水平环境规制省市,"波特假说"不成立;(4)环境规制、环境规制与技术创新、外商直接投资交乘项对周边区域绿色全要素生产率的影响为负,表明地区污染企业只是转移而不是转型,局部污染改善将会殃及"池鱼"。

Improving the Green Total Factor Productivity(GTFP)is the reality requirements of energy demand and increasing constraints of resource.However,the"porter hypothesis"and"pollution haven"inspection about GTFP are unable to achieve a same conclusion in academic circle.This paper measures GTFP in each province On the basis of SBM model.Firstly,analyzing Technology innovation、foreign direct investment's direct-indirect effect to GTFP under environmental regulation perspective.Secondly,inspecting the"porter hypothesis"and"pollution haven"about GTFP.Finally,exploring the space overflow effect.Results indicate that:①Under national level,environmental regulation,technology innovation level,foreign direct investment can promote regional GTFP to net utility."porter hypothesis"and"pollution haven"are established;②In the provinces with intermediate level of foreign investment,the"pollution paradise effect"of environmental regulation will exceed the"pollution halo effect";In the provinces with high foreign direct investment,the"pollution halo effect"of environmental regulation will exceed the"pollution paradise effect";③In the medium level of environmental regulation,the"compensation effect"of technological innovation is greater than the negative effect of"following cost",and the"porter hypothesis"is verified;In the provinces with high environmental regulation,the"porter hypothesis"is not valid.(4)Environmental regulation,environmental regulation with technology innovation、foreign direct investment's multiply items have an negative impact on the surrounding area to GTFP,which shows that the regional polluting enterprises is only"transfer"but"transformation".Improving local pollution will hurt the surrounding areas.