现代性视角下的社会整合问题——哈贝马斯交往行动理论的启示

On Problems of Social Integration from the Perspective of Modernity An Inspiration of Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action

现代性就是不断地求新、求异、求变。启蒙运动以来,解决社会整合问题的理论取向包括个人主义、契约论、功能主义和文化保守主义。哈贝马斯认为,现代性必须进行自我确认,重构生活世界,使人们能够理性地进行交流并对有关自身利益的问题进行沟通,这是现代社会整合需要解决的首要问题。运用语用学方法分析实践领域中的社会整合问题需要注意一个核心概念——有效性,即以保证所有的相关者能够作为参与者进行合理的商谈而得到的规范才是有效的。同时,在商谈过程中必须包容他者,真正做到去自我中心化,以促使可能性变为现实。目前我们国家提出的协商民主的总体构想是解决现代社会中的整合问题的最好办法。

Modernity means that people constantly seek after novelty,change and difference.Since the Enlightenment,the theories which try to solve the problem of social integration are individualism,contract theory,functionalism and cultural conservatism.Habermas thinks that modernity must justify itself and reconstruct world of life,so that people could reasonably communicate,and discuss with each other to solve those problems that concern with their interests.This is the primal problem which should be solved for modern social integration.In solving the problems of social integration,the method of pragmatics supplies a core concept in the area of practice,namely validity.This means that only those norms reached through discussion in which all those interests-related people take part are valid.Meanwhile in discussion,people must have the intension to include others and be really de-egocentric,so that to make the possible become reality.Today,the overall vision of deliberative democracy which is raised by our government is a best way to solve the problem of social integration of modern society.