汉与罗马:交通建设与帝国行政

The Transportation Construction and the Empire Administration of the Han Dynasty Compared with the Roman Empire

罗马帝国与汉帝国均以交通建设的成就,实现了行政效率的提升。罗马帝国的商人比较汉帝国的商人曾经有较高的地位和较活跃的表现。但是在交通建设的主动性方面,同样落后于行政力量。较高等级的道路、驿馆、车辆、船舶均优先为政治军事提供服务。海上交通方面,罗马帝国有较优越的传统,较先进的条件。社会普遍对海上航行予以更多的重视。但是汉帝国统治时期在整个中国古代史进程中,海上航运开发居于明显领先的地位。海盗在罗马帝国与汉帝国均曾活跃。打击海盗的行动均由政府组织。注意交通条件首先作为行政基础,其次才促进经济运行的情形,有益于理解古罗马与汉代中国的历史真实。

Both the Roman Empire and the Han Empire achieved administrative efficiency through transportation construction.Merchants of the Roman Empire compared with the Han Empire had higher status and more active performance.In terms of the initiative of transportation construction,it is also behind the administrative power.Higher-grade roads,squatters,vehicles and ships all give priority to political and military services.In terms of maritime traffic,the Roman Empire had a superior tradition and more advanced conditions.Scholars generally pay more attention to navigation.However,during the entire history of ancient China,the maritime shipping development in the Han Empire was clearly leading.Pirates were active in both the Roman Empire and the Han Empire.Actions against pirates were organized by the government.Paying attention to the situation of traffic conditions first as an administrative basis and secondly to promote the economic operation,is helpful to understand the historical realities of the ancient Roma and the Han dynasty.