绿头鸭与番鸭个体发育过程中肠道黏膜表面形态观察

Observation on the Intestinal Mucosal Surface Morphology of Common Mallard Ducks and Muscovy Ducks During Their Development

本实验通过实体显微镜对胚胎发育及胚后发育过程中的绿头鸭和番鸭消化系统进行观察,发现绿头鸭和番鸭在发育过程中小肠表面的黏膜突起经历了由山脊状到"W形"板状,再到指状绒毛的变化。在绿头鸭胚胎发育的第18日(胚胎发育总过程的64. 3%阶段),小肠表面黏膜突起由山脊状变为"W形"板状,在胚胎发育的第24日(85. 7%)"W形"板状变为指状;在番鸭胚胎发育阶段的第22日(62. 9%),肠道表面黏膜由山脊状变为"W形"板状,在胚胎发育的第28日(80. 0%)"W形"板状变为指状。出生的幼体在初级飞羽和次级飞羽长出时都会发生一定的变化,成体的番鸭和绿头鸭小肠表面由指状绒毛转变成断裂的W形排列的板状绒毛。推测两种鸭类小肠黏膜表面的这种形态变化可能与进化过程中的食性演化有着密切关系。

We used light microscopy to observe the digestive system of mallard(Anas platyrhynchos)and muscovy duck(Cairina moschata)during embryonic and post-embryonic development.The mucous membranes of the small intestine of both species changed from ridge-shaped to“W-shaped”platelets to finger-shaped villi during development.On the 18th day of the embryonic development of the mallard(at 64.3%of the total embryonic development process),the mucous membrane of the small intestine changed from a ridge to a“W-shaped plate”,and on the 24th day(85.7%)“W-shaped plate”changed to finger-shaped;on day 22(62.9%)of the embryonic development of muscovy duck,intestinal mucosa changed from ridge to“W-shaped plate”.On day 28(80.0%)“W-shaped”plate became a finger.The hatchlings underwent changes with the growth of primary and secondary flight feathers.The intestinal surface of adult muscovy duck and mallard were transformed into a broken W-shaped platy fluff.By analogy with the intestines of amphibians and mammals,it can be inferred that this morphological change in the intestinal mucosa surface of the two species of ducks is closely related to the evolution of their food habits.