农业结构调整中的市场演进与政府支持--来自韩国的经验启示

Market Evolution and Government Support in the Process of Agriculture Structure Adjustment——The Enlightenment from South Korea

党的十九大提出实施乡村振兴的新国家战略,意味着中国的农业结构调整将进入新时代的深化期。如何又好又快地促进要素在城乡之间互动从而形成城乡融合发展的格局是该时期我国农业结构调整的重要任务。在此方面,韩国在20世纪60年代到90年代所进行的农业结构调整过程能够为我国的乡村振兴提供重要的启示。韩国工业化的成功得益于其农业的发展,而其农业发展又归功于卓有成效的农业结构调整。文章根据所搜集到的数据与素材,以生产要素的流动为线索,对韩国农业结构调整的具体过程进行了剖析,指出在农业结构调整的过程中,生产要素的流动是市场机制作用的结果,而生产要素是否能发生城乡互动,则取决于政府的政策支持,政策支持的效果越好,生产要素就能互动得越快越有效,城乡融合发展的程度也就越高。最后,在总结韩国农业结构调整相关经验的基础上,对我国在乡村振兴过程中开展农业结构调整提出了建议。

The 19th National Congress of the CPC put forward the new national strategy of rural revitalization,which means that China's agricultural structure adjustment enters a new era of deepening.How to promote the production elements interaction between urban and rural areas in a good and fast way to form a pattern of urban-rural integration and development is an important task in the new stage of China's agricultural structure adjustment.In this regard,the process of agricultural structure adjustment carried out by South Korea from 1960s to 1990s can provide an important inspiration for the rural rejuvenation in China.South Korea's industrial success is due to its agricultural development,whereas its agricultural development benefits from its successful agricultural structure adjustment.The paper,based on the collected data;using the flow of production factors as a cue,analyzes the process of South Korea s agriculture structure adjustment in detail,and points out that the flow of production factors is the result of market mechanism in the process of agricultural structure adjustment.The speed of the flow depends on the support of government,the faster the factors flow,the better result the agriculture structure adjustment will gain.Finally,based on the experience of South Korea,the paper proposes suggestions for China s agricultural structure adjustment in the process of rural revitalization.