美、日、英、中四国竞技体操人才培养模式的比较研究

Comparative Study on Talent Training Model of Competitive Gymnastics in the United States,Japan,Britain and China

采用文献资料、数理统计、比较分析等研究方法,对美日英中四国竞技体操人才培养模式进行对比分析。结果表明:美日英竞技体操实力较强,我国与之存在较大差距;美日英三国竞技体操均是民办官助式管理模式,以俱乐部为组织运营形式,学校体操发展较好,体教结合较强,赛事种类、数量较多,重视科研的投入;我国竞技体操群众基础较差,训练选拔模式单一,竞赛体制不完善,技术等级衔接不够等问题较为突出。建议:加强学校体操发展,完善选拔、训练机制,合理增加体操赛事,优化技术等级等手段是我国体操发展的重要策略。

Using literature,mathematical statistics,comparative analysis and other research methods,the paper makes comparative analysis of the competitive gymnastics talent training model of the United States,Japan,Britain and China.The results show:the strength of competitive gymnastics in the United States,Japan and Britain is stronger than that in China.The United States,Japan,Britain implement government-supported administrative management modes.With clubs as the organizations operation form,school gymnastics development is better,and the combination of sports and education is stronger.There are more types and quantities of events and more emphasis on scientific research.Chinas competitive gymnastics has a poor foundation of the masses,a single training selection model,an imperfect competition system,and insufficient convergence of technical grades.It is an important strategy for the development of gymnastics in China is to strengthen the development of school gymnastics,improve selection and training mechanisms,increase gymnastics competitions,and optimize technical grades.