后激活增强效应对跳跃运动员纵跳能力的影响

Effect of Post-Activation Potentiation on Jump Performence of Jumping Athletes

目的:比较和分析后激活增强效应(Post-activation Potentiation,PAP)对跳跃类项目运动员纵跳能力的影响以及探讨PAP对于跳跃类项目运动员的最佳恢复时间,为将PAP运用到实际训练和比赛中提供理论依据。方法:通过测试12名跳跃类项目运动员在5次90%1RM负重深蹲刺激后,经过不同恢复时间进行下蹲跳(Counter Movement Jump,CMJ),对下蹲跳高度以及下蹲跳过程中动力学数据的变化进行对比分析。结果:下蹲跳高度在PAP诱导后的即刻(15s)相对于基准值下降幅度最大,有显著性差异(P <0. 05),4min、12min、16min基本与基准值保持一致,在经过PAP诱导后的第8min的下蹲跳高度相对于基准值增长最大,具有显著性差异(P <0. 05);峰值输出功率(Peak Power Output,PPO)在PAP诱导后的即刻(15s)下降幅度最大,有显著性差异(P <0. 05),PAP诱导后4min、16min时基本不变,8min、12min时相对于基准值增长较大,具有显著性差异(P <0. 05);与基准值相比,峰值力量发展速率(peak Rate of Force Development,pRFD)在PAP诱导后的即刻(15s)下降幅度最大,有显著性差异(P <0. 05),4min、16min时略微有所下降,12min时的峰值力量发展速率基本不变,在8min时峰值力量发展速率增长最大,具有显著性差异(P <0. 05)。结论:后激活增强效应(PAP)对于跳跃类运动员的纵跳能力有积极的作用,且最佳恢复时间为8min。

Objective:To determine the optimal recovery time for maximal benefits between heavy resistance training(a set of 5 repetitions at 90%1-RM)and an explosive activity in a group of professional jump athletes and to improve the theoretical basis for applying Post-Activation Potentiation(PAP)to practical training and competitions.Methods:Testing the height of Counter Movement Jump(CMJ)and dynamics data after heavy resistance training(a set of 5 repetitions at 90%1-RM)in different recovery time and analysing them.Results:When the subjects performed the countermovement jump immediately(15s)after the heavy resistance training,their jump height was reduced compared with baseline,and had significant differences(P<0.05);when it was observed after 4,12,16 min of recovery,their jump height was unchanged compared with baseline;maximum jump height during the countermovement jump was observed after 8 min of recovery,and was significantly higher than jump height recorded at baseline(P<0.05).In addition,peak power output after 8 and 12 min time of recovery was significantly higher than that recorded at baseline during the study(P<0.05).When the subjects performed the countermovement jump after the heavy resistance training,their peak power output was unchanged at 4 and 16 min recovery time compared with baseline.Their peak rate of force development was reduced at 4 and 16min recovery time compared with baseline,it was unchanged at 12 min recovery time compared with baseline and maximumly increased at 8 min recovery time compared with baseline.Conclusion:PAP has a positive effect on jump performence of jumping athletes,and the optimal recovery time is 8 min.