改革开放40年中国农村宅基地管理政策演进与前瞻——基于宅基地相关政策的文本分析

Policy Evolution and Outlook of Rural Residential Land Management Policies during the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up: Text Analysis Based on Related Policies of Rural Residential Land

宅基地制度改革是农村土地制度改革的重要组成部分,对于保障广大农民的财产权益及释放、激发农村活力具有重要意义。运用文本分析法,以国家层面出台的52份农村宅基地制度相关政策文本为样本,以"政策意图"为切入点,分析改革开放以来,不同时期国家对宅基地的定位以及宅基地管理政策制定的核心目的,剖析政策调整的内在逻辑及其发展规律。研究结果表明,改革开放40年以来,农村宅基地管理政策意图展现出巩固社会主义公有制—加强与规范管理—保护农民财产权利的演化路径。依此路径,未来中国农村宅基地的财产价值将愈发显化,国家将以农村宅基地制度改革为着力点,增加农民财产性收入,拓展农民增收空间。

The reform of rural residential land system is an important part of the three pilots for rural land system reform.It is of great significance for protecting the rights and interests of farmers’property and for releasing and stimulating the vitality of rural areas in recent years.Based on the method of text analysis,the paper takes 52 policy documents of rural residential land system promulgated by the country for instance,regarding reform and opening-up as key time node and the“policy intention”as the breakthrough point of the research.Then it analyzes the changes of the location of rural residential land.It is found that the core purpose of rural residential land management policy makes from a national point of view.It also explores the inherent logic of policy adjustment and the regularity of policy development.Through the text analysis of rural residential land management policies,different policy intentions of rural residential land management policies in the past 40 years of reform and opening-up are shown.The research results indicate that the policy intentions follow the evolutionary path of“consolidating public ownership-strengthening and standardizing‘management-protecting farmers’property rights”.Furthermore,it is summarizes the trends of rural residential land management policies.Accordingly,based on the framework of socialist public ownership of land,the property value of rural residential land may become more and more apparent in the future.By the reform of rural residential land system and the strategy of rural vitalization,the government endeavors to augment farmers’property income and to expand farmers’income-increasing space.