“森林之爱”与“森林之用”——王阳明、墨子生态哲学思想比较研究

“Love for the Forest” and “Use of the Forest”: A Comparative Study of Wang Yangming's and Mo Zi's Ecological Philosophies

从哲学视角出发,立足于森林的爱与用,从3个维度分析王阳明和墨子关于自然之爱的不同方式和取用自然的不同评价体系,以及爱与用的不同形上保证。爱是一种情感,用是一种行为。如何保证情感与行为之统一,二人均给出了体系化思想论证。于爱之层面,王阳明的一体之仁与墨子的兼爱交相辉映;于用之层面,王阳明的"知善知恶"与墨子的"合其志功"各显神通;于爱用统一层面,王阳明的"自然的条理"与墨子的天志明鬼相得益彰。以墨子的天志为底线,以王阳明的条理为延伸,为森林经营管理行为划定基本的底线和界限,才能为森林经营管理的效率开辟道路。

⑴Background--The researches on forests at home and abroad focus on the practical issues of people s moral value to forests.The academic circles discussed the ecological harmony ethics of forests,explored the changes in the value dimension of forest law and the sustainability of forest tourism development and studied the cognitive aspects of forestry economy.In 2017,some scholars studied the ecological compensation of national forest.In addition,some foreign researches started to focus on the forest ethics.However,by 2018,all the researches still lack of study the forest environmental ethics from the perspective of ancient Chinese literature.Thus,how to realize the unity of love and use is the key to human response to the forest problems.⑵Methods--This paper focuses on literature research method and comparative research method.The literature research method is adopted to study the environmental ethics in Wang Yangming s theory and Mohism in Chinese philosophy.And by comparing Wang Yangming s and Mozi s ecological philosophies,the significance of forest management is analyzed.⑶Results--The paper compares the different ideas of Mozi and Wang Yangming from three dimensions.The first dimension explores different ways of“love”.From the ontological point of view,Wang Yangming s love for the forest is the love for all things.The love of Mozi is the result of the creation of heaven and earth.The second dimension explores the different evaluation systems of“use”in their two thoughts.Wang Yangming established the evaluation system from the perspective of value and knowledge,that is,the criterion for evaluating the rationality of access is whether it meets the value judgment and knowledge judgment.Mozi established the evaluation system from the perspective of motivation and effect,that is,the criterion for evaluating the rationality of access is whether the subjective motivation and objective effects are unified.According to Wang Yangming,we should pay attention not only to the ethical value of forest protection,but also to the knowledge of forest development management.Mozi s evaluation system should not only pay attention to the intrinsic motivation of the individual,but also pay attention to the actual behavioral result of the intrinsic motivation.The third dimension explores the metaphysical guarantee of moral philosophy in their two thoughts.The form of Mozi is full of emotional impulses or similar religious feelings.Wang Yangming s system is full of rationality and knowledge driven.There are two forms to ensure its implementation.One comes from external forces and the other comes from internal constraints.Mozi s ghost thought is mainly characterized by his other law,which promotes the heteronomy to the law of god.Wang Yangming s thought is mainly characterized by self-consciousness,and self-discipline is promoted to consciousness initiative.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--Forest management should be based on the double axis of love for the forest and use of the forest,with the metaphysical guarantee of the two as the connection.From the perspective of the axis of love,they all emphasize the extension of the love of people to the love of people and the forest.From the perspective of the axis of use,they both have established different evaluation systems for“use of the forest”.Although the two evaluation systems are different,they have unique significance for forest management.