黑龙江省林下经济优势产业的选择分析——基于偏离-份额分析法

Analysis on the Selection of Competitive Industries of Economy Relying on Forest in Heilongjiang Province: Based on the Shift-Share Analysis

基于偏离-份额分析法对黑龙江省林下经济各产业产值的增长量进行分解。结果表明:黑龙江省林下经济各产业的全国份额分量均大于0;非木质林产品加工制造产业同时存在产业结构优势和区域竞争力优势,产业优势明显;林产中药材的种植与采集、森林食品的种植与采集产业存在区域竞争力优势,林业旅游与休闲服务产业存在产业结构优势,产业整体上表现为正效应;林业生产与生态服务产业具有产业优势,但竞争力差,产业整体上表现为负效应;水果及干果的种植与采集、茶及其他饮料作物的种植与采集、花卉的种植、陆生野生动物繁育和利用产业既不存在产业结构优势又不存在区域竞争力优势。根据分析结果,把黑龙江省林下经济产业划分为5个等级,并提出对林下第一产业应重点建设林产品品牌,对林下第二产业应加大科技投入,对林下第三产业应促进相关产业融合等建议。

⑴Background--The development of forestry industry is an important part of promoting structural supply-side reforms.As an important part of forestry economy,the economy relying on forest is in line with the country s development requirements of the structural supply-side reform.The rapid development of the economy relying on forest in Heilongjiang Province has made itself become an important part of the forestry industry in Heilongjiang Province.The development of the economy relying on forest has played an important role in promoting the increase of farmers income,accelerating the structural transformation of forestry industry,and promoting the economic and social development of forest areas.⑵Methods--Based on the shift-share analysis method,the growth of the output value of various industries of the economy relying on forest in Heilongjiang Province is decomposed into the national share component,the industrial structure deviation component and the regional competitiveness deviation component.According to the calculation results of different components,the economy relying on forest industries in Heilongjiang Province can be evaluated and divided into different grades.⑶Results--Compared with the national average,the first industry under the forest in Heilongjiang province is relatively backward,but the cultivation and collection of Chinese herbal medicine and forest food in the primary industry under the forest has strong competitiveness.Although the second and third industries under the forest both have obvious structural advantages,but only the second industry under the forest has regional advantages.The overall level of industrial structure and competitiveness development of the cultivation and collection of Chinese herbal medicines and forest foods in the first industry under the forest,the secondary industry under the forest,and the forestry tourism and leisure services in the third industry under the forest is relatively high.The national share component of the economy relying on forest industries in Heilongjiang Province are all positive.According to the result of decomposition,the economy relying on forest industries are divided into five grades:the non-wood forest products processing and manufacturing industry with both industrial structure advantages and regional competitiveness advantages is the primary industry;the planting and collection of forest traditional Chinese medicine and forest food industries with regional competitiveness advantages are the secondary industries;the forest tourism and leisure service industry with industrial structure advantages and obvious overall advantages is the third industry;the forestry production and ecological service industry with industrial structure advantages but no obvious overall advantages is the fourth industry;the other industries with no obvious advantages are the fifth industries.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--The policy of vigorously developing the economy relying on forest is correct in Heilongjiang Province.The non-wood forest products processing and manufacturing industry is the competitive industry,which can be supported and invested as a leading industry.The planting and collection of forest traditional Chinese medicine and forest food industries and the forest tourism and leisure service industry are the secondary competitive industries,which can be used as auxiliary industries for reasonable investment.The other industries are the declining industries,which should timely seek industrial transformation and upgrading.Therefore,three suggestions are proposed:first,establish a regional specialty forest product brand,and stimulate the consumption demand of the first industry products under the forest;second,increase investment in forestry science and technology to provide technical support for the second industry under the forest;third,promote The integration of forestry,tourism and transportation will enhance the competitiveness of the tertiary industry.