中国西部生态脆弱区生态系统服务价值评估研究进展

Research Progress of Ecosystem Service Value Assessment in Ecological Fragile Areas in Western China

针对中国生态系统服务功能价值存在系统化、层次化总结不够的问题,对西部生态脆弱区研究中应用生态系统服务价值评估方法的进展、前景与难点进行梳理总结。结果表明:西部生态脆弱区生态系统服务功能价值评估研究多采用参数借用评估模型,原因在于该类评估模型具有数据精度限制和模型简单易用的特点;对生态系统服务功能价值变化主导因素的研究趋于具体化,而县域小尺度的生态系统服务功能价值评估成为研究趋势;就时空差异性和生态系统异质性的表征状况而言,遥感定量测量模型更适用于西部生态脆弱区生态服务功能价值评估。

⑴Background--Western ecological fragile areas have the characteristics of poor stability and weak anti-interference ability,and its environmental ecological damage has been widely concerned by scholars.The research summarized the assessment methods and research progress of ecosystem service value in ecological fragile areas in western China,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the study of the environmental sustainable development in ecological fragile areas in the west.⑵Methods--Through the comparative analysis of the two types of ecosystem service value assessment models of remote sensing quantitative assessment model and parameter borrowing assessment model,we introduced the advantages and disadvantages of these two models.The research summarized the research progress on the assessment of ecosystem service value in ecological fragile areas in western China,and pointed out the difficulties and deficiencies in the research of ecosystem service value in the ecological fragile areas of the western China.Finally,the study pointed out the development direction of ecosystem service value assessment in subsequent ecological fragile areas.⑶Results--From the research content,due to the complexity of remote sensing quantitative model,the accuracy of some data required for model input is difficult to meet the requirements,while the parameter borrowing assessment model is simple and easy to use and applicable to the large scale of the areas.Therefore,most of early researches on ecosystem service value in ecological fragile areas in the west is based on the large scale of the areas.The results of the research can not reflect the local characteristics of the ecological fragile areas in the west,and lack of analysis of the laws of the ecosystem itself.Then the research focus of scholars gradually shifted to the change of ecosystem service value of small scale and long time sequence and the influence of environmental factors on ecosystem service value under different spatial scales in the county area,but this type of ecosystem service value research lacks the consideration of scale specificity,ecosystem type and space-time difference of quality conditions.In view of research methods,the lack of a quantitative description of the effects of man-made and environmental factors on changes in ecosystem service value in ecological fragile areas makes it possible to only qualitatively study the impact of a certain factor on changes in ecosystem service value.⑷Conclusions and Discussions--The research concluded that:Firstly,the limitations of data accuracy and the ease of use of the model are the main reasons why the researches of ecosystem service value in ecological fragile areas in the west was mostly based on a parameter borrowing assessment model.Secondly,research on the influencing factors of changes in ecosystem service value more tends to be concrete,and the research on the ecosystem service value of the small spatial scale becomes the trend.Thirdly,in terms of spatial and temporal differences and the characterization of ecosystem heterogeneity,the remote sensing quantitative measurement model is more applicable to the assessment of the ecosystem service value in ecological fragile areas in the west.Although there have been some research achievements in ecosystem service value research in ecological fragile areas,there are still problems worth further research.First,it could integrate the advantages of the parameter borrowing assessment model and the remote sensing quantitative model to provide technical support for ecological environment monitoring and early warning in ecological fragile areas.Second,it is supposed to introduce the ratio and degree coefficient to solve the problem of incomparable value calculated by different methods.Third,it is of great significance to carry out remote sensing quantitative measurement of ecosystem service value in small-scale ecological fragile mining areas in western China.Fourth,it should make a full consideration the dynamic variability of ecosystem service value and carry out long sequential continuous change research.