我国乡村发展水平测度及空间关联格局分析——基于乡村振兴视角

Measurement and spatial correlation pattern of rural development level in China——Based on the perspective of the rural vitalization

我国快速城镇化进程吸引了大批农村青壮年劳动力转移到城市,乡村经济凋零、衰落现象突出。为应对乡村经济落后衰退现象,十九大提出从"产业兴旺、生态宜居、乡风文明、治理有效、生活富裕"五个方面实施乡村振兴战略。结合乡村振兴战略的基本内涵,构建我国乡村发展水平的指标体系,利用因子分析模型测算2015年我国乡村发展水平;通过Moran’s I指数对我国乡村发展水平空间关联格局特征分析。结果表明:东中西部乡村发展水平不平衡,地区乡村发展差异大;东部乡村治理效果均不理想,除以京津、江浙沪为中心外,东部其他地区乡村文明程度低;中部地区乡村文娱活动不丰富、村民经济水平低;西部少数民族产业生产力普遍较低、村民生活经济条件差,尤其以广西、云贵为中心地区村民经济水平、产业发展程度最低。我国乡村发展水平具有空间相关性特征,江浙沪、京津形成两个显著的乡村发展水平高值增长极,为我国乡村发展水平的"热点区",云贵、广西地区为我国乡村发展水平的"冷点区"。

With the process of rapid urbanization,the city has attracted a large number of rural young labour transferred to cities in China while rural economic declined prominently.Aiming at the recession of rural economy,it officially pursuing a rural vitalization strategy at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China which includes“thriving businesses,pleasant living environments,social etiquette and civility,effective governance,and prosperity”.This paper sets up an indicator system of the rural development level combining with five dimensions of rural vitalization in China.We use the factor analysis model to measure the level of rural development in 2015.Then analyzes the spatial correlation pattern of rural development level through Moran’s I index.The results show that:The level of rural development is unbalanced and diverse between regions in China.The effect of rural governance is not significant in the east.Except for Beijing,Tianjin,Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai,other eastern regions are weak in civilization.The rural cultural activities are not abundant,while the villagers is not rich in central regions.The industrial productivity is generally low and the economy is poor in western rural areas.Especially the economy and industry productivity are the lowest in Guangxi,Yunnan and Guizhou.The level of rural development is spatially correlated.Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Shanghai and Beijing and Tianjin form two significant high levels of growth pole.This is the“hot spot”in China.Yunnan,Guizhou and Guangxi are the“cold area”.