历史唯物主义的三种理论面相和三种争议及其解题

Three Theoretical Aspects and Three Influential Disputes of Historical Materialism

历史唯物主义之所以谓之为科学,很重要的理由在于它为我们提供了科学的历史观。但因为历史本身的多维性,历史唯物主义历史观表现出三种理论面相,即立足于主体经验活动的劳动史观、强调深入分析社会结构的结构史观和深刻洞悉资本主义特殊性的资本主义社会理论。这三种理论面相引起了关于历史唯物主义三种比较有影响的争议,它们分别是历史决定论(物质生产决定论、生产方式决定论和生产力决定论)之争、结构主义和人本主义之争、人类社会历史发展的普遍性理论和资本主义社会的特殊性理论之争。反思性历史社会学融经验观察与抽象理论为一体,将历史唯物主义的三种理论面相很好地统摄起来。把历史唯物主义界定为反思性历史社会学,是化解前述三种争议的有益尝试。

One important reason why historical materialism is called science is that it provides a scientific view of history.However,because of the multidimensionality of history itself,the historical view of historical materialism shows three theoretical aspects,namely,the view of labour history based on the subject s experience,the view of structure history which emphasizes in-depth analysis of social structure and the theory of capitalist society with profound insight into the particularity of capitalism.These three theoretical aspects have caused three more influential disputes about historical materialism,which are the dispute of historical determinism,the dispute between structuralism and humanism,the dispute between the universality theory of human society historical development and the particularity theory of capitalist society.Reflective historical sociology combines empirical observation with abstract theory,which enables a good integration of the three theoretical aspects of historical materialism.To define historical materialism as reflective historical sociology is a useful attempt to resolve the above three disputes.