母性的绵延与缺位--民国武侠小说“兽养婴儿”母题的生态多样性

Stretching and Absence of the Motherly Love——The Ecological Diversity of the Motif of “Beast Raising the Baby” in Martial Arts Novels in the Republic of China

与平江不肖生相比,还珠楼主小说"兽养婴儿"母题更为复杂。前者关注动物基本生存能力的辅助作用,后者关注人与智慧动物的情性趋同。还珠楼主的小说取材清代小说,有两个突出意义指向:一是显示智慧动物能主动亲近人类,并尊重人类习性与习俗、价值判断与执着精神,以人类社会规范为标准,彰显母性绵延的历史记忆;二是暗示江湖世界(特别是荒原之中)女性资源的社会功能性匮乏。武侠小说"兽养婴儿"母题与久远的民俗观念"江湖异人必有神祐"有关;且神化大侠的幼年经历,也有神化其不凡禀赋的意图。"兽养婴儿"广为传播与母题多重组接,成为江湖中女性缺位社会问题的文学性表现。江湖世界"有情母兽"传奇,虽有时不免陷入难以自圆其说的窘境,但此类缺陷型人格有助于武侠世界生态多样性的表现。

Compared with Pingjiang-Buxiaosheng,the motif of“beast raising the baby”in Huanzhu-Louzhu’s works is more complex.The former concerned about animals’helpful role in basic existence ability,while the latter paid attention to the fact that the character and mood in human beings and intelligent animals were to be convergent.Huanzhu-Louzhu’s works drew their materials from the novels of the Ming and Qing dynasties,and had two outstanding meanings.Firstly,the works showed that intelligent animals could be active in getting close to people and respect human beings’habits and customs;in addition,their value judgment and dedication took human social norms as the standard,which illustrated the historical memory of motherhood stretching.Secondly,the works suggested that in the world of“Jianghu”,especially wasteland,women’s social function was deficient as a kind of resource.The motif of“beast raising the baby”in martial arts novels was also related to the time-honored folk concept:the unusual persons in“Jianghu”were sure to be protected by god.Furthermore,deifying swordsmen’s childhood experiences also had the intention of deifying their uncommon gifts.“Beast raising the baby”spread widely and was grouped together with motifs,then it became literary expression of the social issue that women were absent from“Jianghu”.Therefore,the legend of“sentient mother animal”in the world of“Jianghu”sometimes unavoidably fell into an awkward situation where it was difficult for the work to justify itself.However,this kind of defective personality contributed to the expression of the world s ecological diversity.