从幻灭到信心——福克纳长篇小说叙事结构的整体性及其意义

From Disillusionment to Confidence——The Meaning of the Total Structure in Faulkner's Entire 19 Novels

受《圣经》叙事的影响,福克纳的十九部长篇小说中存在着整体性叙事结构。贯穿于福克纳十九部长篇小说中对人类生存意义的探讨和对善恶冲突、人类内心冲突的描述使福克纳所有的长篇小说浑然一体。福克纳对人类生存意义的探讨从失望与幻灭开始,到绝望与愤怒,到拾起信心,最后以坚信结束。以福克纳十九部长篇小说作为分析文本,一方面可以探讨基督教文化对福克纳的深刻影响;另一方面可见,福克纳小说的这种叙事结构在一定程度上象征着人从天真失落到苦难流离再到悔改归依的普遍命运,作品超越了美国南方的地域限制,具有揭示人类生存状况的普遍意义。

Influenced by the biblical narrative,there is a total structure within which Faulkner’s entire 19 novels were written.The search for the meaning of man’s existence and the description of the conflict between good and evil as well as the conflict within man’s heart make his entire 19 novels a unified whole.The search for the meaning of man’s existence in his 19 novels shows his changing vision from disappointment and disillusion at the beginning to despair and outrage and then to picking up hope and to affirmation in the end.Through the analysis of Faulkner’s 19 novels,this paper attempts to study the deep influence of Christian culture on Faulkner and argues that the entire 19 novels contained within the U-shaped pattern to a large degree symbolize the universal fate of man from innocence and loss to suffering and exile and then to repentance and spiritual conversion,which makes Faulkner’s works go beyond the American south and have the universal meaning of man’s living conditions.