气体钻井井控安全分析与控制

PROCESS SAFETY OF GAS DRILLING

气体钻井作业时,由于气体的密度远低于液体密度,因此在井底形成的气柱压力远远低于液体作为循环介质时常规钻井的井底压力,其在钻遇油气等流体时,地层的流体特别是高压油气会很快到达井口,如果在油气等流体返至地面的过程中因工艺安全措施不当、地面专用设备设施安全性能较差或井控装备的选择不满足井内流体安全返出的要求时,极易出现恶性安全事故。文章通过对气体钻井存在的风险,利用工艺危害假设分析方法,提出一系列控制措施,从技术和管理双层面进行规范,从而实现安全钻井。

In gas drilling,the gas density is far lower than the liquid density,the gas pressure at the hole bottom is far lower than the bottom hole pressure of conventional drilling.When the oil or gas reservoir has been tapped,the formation fluid especially high pressure oil and gas will soon reach the wellhead.If the process safety measures improper,the safety performance of special ground facilities not good or the well control equipment not selected to meet the safe return of fluids out of the hole,malignant safety accidents are extremely easy to occur.Based on the risks existed in gas drilling,using process hazard hypothesis analysis method,a series of control measures are put forwardto regulate operation both in technology and in management to realize a safe drilling.