田边元的海德格尔批判与道元诠释:实存哲学与现实哲学

Tanabe Hajime's Critique of Heidegger and His Modern Interpretation of Dōgen:Existential Philosophy and Realistic Philosophy

京都学派哲学家田边元乃海德格尔的实存哲学在日本的接受与转化之肇始者。田边元经由消化黑格尔的辩证法及批判西田几多郎的场所论,来建构出自己以"种的逻辑"为中心的哲学体系。在此过程中,海德格尔的哲学扮演着推进者的角色。相对于道元的时间性存在具有宗教体证的现实论向度,田边元的时间性存在明显停留在哲学信仰的层面,而海德格尔的时间性存在则充满了解释学现象学或此在生存论的观念论维度。道元与田边元的宗教哲学在超越论的辩证性格上,和海德格尔的实存哲学有一线之隔,但田边元与海德格尔的存在哲学在观念论的分析性格上,和道元的现实哲学(真实哲学)之间则有着一道巨大的鸿沟。

The acceptance and transformation of Heidegger s philosophy in Japan began with Tanabe Hajime,where it played an important role in Tanabe s construction of the system of“the logic of species.”In this paper,I will first examine the connection between Tanabe s critique of Heidegger and the formation of“the logic of the species,”then clarify Tanabe s modern interpretation of Dōgen s Zen.Also,I will discuss the relationship between the inheritance and development of Dōgen s Zen and of Tanabe s philosophy,and compare the philosophical differences among Tanabe,Dōgen,and Heidegger from the perspective of temporal existence.In contrast to Dōgen s temporal existence,which has the dimension of religious experience,Tanabe s temporal existence obviously stays on the level of philosophical belief,while Heidegger s temporal existence is idealistic in terms of hermeneutic phenomenology.The religious philosophy of Dōgen and Tanabe is different from Heidegger s existential philosophy in the dialectical character of its transcendental theory.But the existential philosophy of Tanabe and Heidegger differs from Dōgen s realistic philosophy in the analytical characteristic of its idealism.