西方经济制裁背景下的俄欧贸易关系

The Trade Relations between Russia and EU in the Backdrop of Western Economic Sanctions

欧盟是俄罗斯的最大贸易伙伴,也是西方对俄经济制裁的主要实施方及俄罗斯实施反制裁的主要对象。在制裁与反制裁效果最明显的2015年,俄欧贸易额降幅近一半,因其降幅超过俄外贸总额的降幅,俄欧贸易在俄对外贸易中的比重缩小;其中,俄从欧进口的降幅超过俄对欧出口的降幅,俄对欧贸易顺差加大; 2016年俄欧贸易总体形势明显好转,但相较制裁与反制裁之前仍有很大差距。俄欧贸易结构方面,资源密集型产品占比下滑,矿物燃料、食品原料等产品的贸易比重明显缩小;资本和技术密集型产品的比重相对上升,其原因是其降幅不及资源密集型产品的降幅。最后,在西方经济制裁后,俄欧贸易的依赖性、互补性明显减弱,而竞争性有所提升。

EU is Russia’s largest trading partner and the main implementer of Western economic sanctions against Russia as well as the main target Russia’s anti-sanctions.In 2015,when the effects of sanctions and anti-sanctions were the most obvious,the volume of trade between Russia and Europe fell by nearly half.As the decline exceeded the decline of Russia’s total foreign trade,the proportion of Russia-EU trade in Russia’s foreign trade decreased.Among them,the decline of Russia’s imports from Europe exceeded the decline of Russia’s exports to Europe and thus Russia’s trade surplus with Europe increased.In 2016,the overall situation improved a lot but compared to the pre-sanction period,there was still an obvious gap.In terms of trade structure,the proportion of resource-intensive products declined,and the proportion of trade in products such as fossil fuels and food raw materials decreased significantly.The proportion of capital and technology-intensive products increased relatively,which was only because the degree of decline in these products was under that of the resource-intensive products.Finally,after the Western economic sanctions,the interdependence and complementarity of Russia-EU trade was significantly weakened,and the competitiveness was strengthened.