非农就业、土地的社会保障功能与农地流转

Off-farm Employment, Social Security Function of Land, and Land Transfer

农村劳动力非农转移是促进农地流转的必然要求。在非农就业已非常普遍的情况下,农户家庭农地流转发生率却依然偏低。文章利用2012年"中国家庭追踪调查"(CFPS)数据,基于土地的社会保障功能视角从参与非农工作、非农工作稳定、非农就业地点稳定3个维度考察了非农就业对农地流转的影响。研究结果表明,非农就业有助于弱化土地的社会保障功能,从而促进农地流转。但是,参与非农工作对农地流转的边际效应大于非农工作稳定和非农就业地点稳定,若仅考虑农户家庭是否参与非农工作,忽视非农就业的稳定性问题,会高估非农就业对农地流转的影响,这为现实中农户家庭非农就业参与率高与农地流转发生率低的矛盾提供了重要解释。文章认为,今后在继续转移农村劳动力的基础上,应更加关注劳动力非农就业的质量。

The transfer of rural labor force is necessary to promote land transfer.The land transfer rate is still low although off-farm employment has been very common.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)survey data in 2012,this paper empirically studies the effects of off-farm employment on land transfer by focusing on the social security function of land.Specifically,three dimensions of the effect are examined,namely the off-farm employment,the stability of the job and that of the related site.The results show that off-farm employment can weaken the social security function of land and then promote land transfer.However,the marginal effect of off-farm employment on land transfer is greater than those from the other two factors.Therefore,the effects of off-farm employment may be overestimated if only the first factor is considered.This explains the seemingly contradictory findings of"high participation rate"and"low land transfer rate"in previous studies.The paper points out that it is important to pay more attention to the quality of off-farm employment in the future.